书面表达.docx

书面表达.docx

《书面表达.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《书面表达.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

书面表达

书面表达中的高级结构

主讲：

张万红

我

们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。

其实，未必如此！

通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。

下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。

一．高级词汇

1．occur替换thinkof

SuddenlyIhadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.→

Anideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.

Itoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.

2．devote替换spend

Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.→Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.

3．seek替换want/lookfor

Theysought（wanted）tohidethemselvesbehindthetrees.

4．average替换ordinary

I’manaverage（ordinary）student.

5．but替换very

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.→

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.

Thefilmwesawlastnightwasanythingbutboring.

6．seat替换sit

Onhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated（sitting）bytheroad,lookingworried.

7．suppose替换should

Heissupposedto（should）havedrivenmoreslowly.

8．appreciate替换thank

Thankyouverymuchforyouhelp.→Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch./Yourhelpismuchappreciated.

9．thecase替换true

Idon’tthinkitisthecase（true）.

10．on替换assoonas

Assoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.→Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch..

11．dueto替换becauseof

Hearrivedlatedueto（becauseof）thestorm.

12．cover替换walk/read

Aftercovering（walking）10miles,weallfelttired.

13．contributeto替换behelpful/useful

PlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.→

PlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.

14．roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby

①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner（coming）.Doyouhaveanyplans?

②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner（nearby）.

15．cometolight替换discover

Thefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.→

Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.

16．haveaball替换haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself

Aftervisitingtheworkshop,wewentbacktoschool.Everyoneofushadaball（hadagoodtime）.

17．comeupwith替换thinkof

Jackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith（thinksof）newideas.

18．setaside替换save

Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.（2004天津卷）

19．beof+n.替换adj.

Theproductsareofhighquality（verygood）andaresoldeverywhereinChina.

20．referto替换talkabout/of,mention

Theprofessoryoureferredto（talkedabout）isveryfamous.

21．cannotbut/cannothelpbut替换havetodo

Icouldnotbut（hadto）gohome.

22．moreoftenthannot替换usually

Moreoftenthannot（Usually）,themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.

23．lest替换sothat/inorderthat

IwrotedownhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.→

IwrotedownhistelephonenumberlestI（should）forgetit.

24．belongforsth./belongtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishfor

Iwanttoseeyouverymuch.→

Iamlongtoseeyou.

25．becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换beinterestedin

Heiscaughtupin（veryinterestedin）collectingstamps.

26．morethan替换very

①I’mverygladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.→

I’mmorethangladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.（NMET2003）

②IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.（2004全国卷）

27．perfect（ly）替换good/verywell

Hespeaksperfect（good）English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly（verywell）.

28．dosba/thefavor替换help

Wouldyoupleasedomethefavor（helpme）toturndowntheradio?

29．theotherday替换afewdaysago

TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.（NMET1997）

30．inthecourseof替换during

Inthecourseof（During）themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.

31．themajorityof替换most

Themajorityof（Mostof）theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.

32．consistof替换bemadeupof

Ourclassconsistsof（ismadeupof）50students.

33．bewornout替换betired/broken

①Afterfivehours’non-stopwork,wewereallwornout（tired）.

②Myshoesarewornout（broken）.Pleasebuymeanewpair.

34．becomeof替换happen

Whatdothinkhasbecomeof（happenedto）him?

35．attendto替换lookafter

36．onconditionthat替换aslongas

37．nevertheless替换however

38．expressone’ssatisfactionwith替换besatisfiedwith

39．sparenoeffortstodo替换tryone’sbesttodo

40．manya替换many

41．berushedoffone’sfeet替换bebusyindoing

42．ahandfulof替换alittle/some

43．meanwhile替换atthesametime

44．gettoone’sfeet替换standup

45．beneath替换under

46．occasionally替换sometimes/onceinwhile

47．forinstance替换forexample

48．seldom替换notoften

49．wealthy替换rich

50．amazing替换surprising

51．asamatteroffact替换infact

二．高级句型结构

◆It句型

①Itwillbe+sometime+before…

Itwon’tbelongbeforehumansvisittheMars.

②Itis+adj./n.+forsbtodosth.

Itisveryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becauseithaschangedourlifesomuch.

HesaidsinceitwasanewmodelinChina,itwasimpossibletofixitwithouttherightspareparts.（2008年湖北卷）

③Itis+被强调部分+that…

1）ItiswhatYangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.

2）Thosewholikereadingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetourknowledge.

◆more…thananyother表示最高级

Amongtheoptionalcourses,spokenEnglishandcomputerstudyaremorepopularthananyoneelse.

◆名词从句

①Itwouldmeanagreatdealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.（2004全国卷Ⅲ）

②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

◆（非限制性）定语从句

①TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.→

TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.（NMET2003）

②Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.（2002北京卷）

◆分词结构

①Idon’tknowaboutothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.（NMET2001）

②We’llmostlystayathomeintheeveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.（2004全国卷Ⅱ）

③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.（2004辽宁卷）

BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.（2008年湖南卷）

◆with结构

①Aterribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledandalmosteightyinjured.

②Hewascarryingabedrollandalargebagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcaseinhislefthand.

◆倒装句

①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.→

Eastoftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.

②Althoughwearetired,wearehappy.→Tiredasweare,wearehappy.

③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.（2002上海卷）

Mayallyourdreamscometrue!

Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!

（2007年湖南卷）

◆被动语态

①Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.（NMET2002）

②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.（2004全国卷Ⅳ）

③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.（2004江苏卷）

◆巧妙的改写

（1）．Only改成noonebut

OnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.→NoonebutTompassedtheexam.

（2）．assoonas…改成Nosooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/ThemomentNosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.

（3）．havesb/sthdo/done

Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken（herlegwasbroken.）.

（4）．变换插入语的位置

①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.→

Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.（NMET2002）

②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.→

Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.（2004全国卷Ⅰ）

（5）.用同位语代替非限制性定语从句

Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.→

Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.（2002上海卷）

Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.（2008年湖南卷）

◆其它

（1）注重句子的开头

①用with复合结构开头

Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadtowavegoodbyetotheworkers.

Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.（2006年湖南卷）

Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownloadwhatwewant.（2009年江苏卷）

②用非谓语动词形式开头

ⅰ）InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.

ⅱ）Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.

（2）长短句交错使用（注意：

应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）

◆◆相关过渡语

1）.表示时间顺序:

first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later，firstofall,finally,atlast…

2）.表示空间顺序:

near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ononeside…

3）.表示比较、对照:

like,unlike,suchas,but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,nevertheless,otherwise…

4）.表示因果关系:

because,for,asaresult,therefore,thus…

5）.表示递进关系:

besides,what’smore,whatwasworse,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,ontopof…

6）.表示并列关系:

and,aswellas,also…

7）.表示总结性:

ingeneral,inaword,inshort,onthewhole,tosumup,inbrief,toconclude…

二、如何实现句子的多变性

英语书面表达在高考中日益显得重要，高考书面表达已不只局限于把话说清楚，把意思表达完整，而是要给我们的句子润色，让我们的句子靓起来。

如何让我们的英语句子靓起来呢？

很多人都强调用连词、介词等词汇手段迅速提高语言水平。

但这种方法需要一定的积累，也需要一定的基础。

而我觉得通过对低级句型的改造，可以迅速达到这一目的。

◆强调句：

可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语从句转变为强调句。

ItwasnotuntilIarrivedhomethatIrealizedIhadleftthebagontheshopcounter.

ItwasthenthatIrealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.

◆倒装句：

只要句中有介词短语或状语从句，便可将其提前，变成倒装句。

OnlywhenIturnedrightatthecrossingdidthatcarcracktowardsme.

Onlybythismeanscanheescapefromthebigfire.

◆with引导的伴随结构：

可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with结构。

Withthesunlightingbrightlyandthebirdssingingclearly,Iwenttoschoolinhighspirits

Healwayslikestosleepwiththewi