高考英语一轮复习 unit17unit18知识要点聚焦.docx
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高考英语一轮复习unit17unit18知识要点聚焦
Unit17—Unit18
知识要点聚焦
1.重点词汇
单词:
disability,ability,waste,fair,potential,gifted,assist,sympathy,encouragement,visual,adjust,victory,participate,conduct,accessible,patent,officer,background,reject,possibility,otherwise,connection,previous,aware,dusty,pilot
短语:
getaround,getabout,getusedto,allowfor,getstuck,breakawayfrom,beawareof,trialanderror,afterall,keeptrackof
2.重点句型
Heboughthisgirlfriendflowers.=Heboughtflowersforhisgirlfriend.
Adesktopcomputerisacomputerwhichisdesignedforuseonadesk.
Mozart,whosemusicispopularallovertheworld,showedhistalentinmusicataveryyoungage.
Ienjoyvisitingplaceswherethehotelsarecheapandpeoplearefriendly.
3.交际用语
Iprobablycouldn’t...
IfI...Iwouldbeableto...
Iwouldtryto...
Theinventioncanhelppeople...
Thenewinventionwillmakeitpossibleforpeopleto...
重点考点精释
1.Potentialn.潜能;潜力adj.潜在的;可能的
Peoplenowbelievethatweuseonly1%ofourbrains’fullpotential.
Shehasartisticpotentialasamusician.
Shewasthefirsttorealizethepotentialdangeroftheirsituation.
Thefilmislikelytobeapotentialbestseller.
2.launchvt.首次开设;发起;开始;发射
Thecompanylaunchedseveralbranchesinthesatellitecities.
Offivelandingmissionslaunchedin1965,allfivefailed.
Theylaunchedafierceattackagainsttheirenemies.
Thecompanyhaslaunchedanexpansionprogram.
Theylaunchedanewsatelliteintospace.
3.challengev.&n.向某人挑战;对……提出异议
Teachingyoungchildrenisachallengingandrewardingjob.
Ourschoolchallengedthelocalchampionteamtoafootballmuch.
Dareyouchallengeherview?
Soteachinggivesmepeace,varietyandchallenge.
4.impairvt.损害;损伤
Theillnesshadimpairedhisabilitytothinkandconcentrate.
Alifetimespentwithanimalshasgreatlyimpairedhisspeech.
注意impair常用过去分词与visually/hearing/mentally/physically等单词搭配,表示“视力、听力、智力、身体”等方面受“损伤”而有障碍:
Bellhadamorethancasualinterestinthis,forhehimselfwashearingimpaired.
5.motivatevt.激发;使有动力
Motivaten.
motivaten.todo
Theprofit-sharingplanisdesignedtomotivatethestafftoworkhard.
Wemayneverknowwhatmotivatedhimtokillhiswife.
注意motivated也可用作形容词,表示“有积极性的”:
Weneedtoworkeffectivelyandbehighlymotivated.
6.adjustv.调整;调节
adjustton./doingadjustn.
adjustsb./sthto...beadjustedto...
Ittookafewsecondsforhereyestoadjusttothedarkness.
Myparentshadtroubleadjustingtolivinginanapartment.
AfteraccessionintoWTOgovernmentshouldadjustitsfunctions.
Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.
Whenyougotoanewcountry,youmustadjustyourselftonewmannersandcustoms.
Theylearnedtoadjusttheirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoilthere.
辨析adapt/adjust
Adapt侧重多方位全面的或心理社会等因素的大幅“协调”;
adjust程度弱些,侧重事物物理因素的“调整,调节”:
Headapted/adjustedhimselftothecoldweather.
Thedesksandseatscanbeadjusttotheheightofeachchild.
7.participatevi.参加,参与(in)
Participateinsth.
Sheactivelyparticipatesinlocalpolitics.
HowmanycountrieswillbeparticipatingintheOlympicGames?
8abilityn.能力;才能
theabilitytodo
Iamanofability
Ihavegreatabilityin
Hehadtheabilitytodothework.
Shehasgreatabilityinteachingphysics.
9.assistv.帮助;援助
Assistsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事
Assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事
Assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事
Theheadmaster’sdeputyassistswithalotofthings.
YouwillberequiredtoassistMrsSmithinpreparingareport.
Thepresidentassistedtheteacherstogetbetterpaid.
10.sympathyn.同情,同感
Expresssympathyfor/towards对……表示同情
Feel/havesympathyfor同情
Insympathywith同情;赞成;和……一致
Outofsympathywith对……不同情;不赞成;和……不一致
Winsympathyof博得……的同情
Aletterofsympathy慰问信
Thepremierexpressedsympathyfortheworkersoutofajob.
Ihavebeenaprisoner,soIhavealotofsympathywithotherpeopleinprison.
Nowtheyareallinsympathywiththetravelplan.
11.rejectvt.拒绝;抛弃
Herejectedtheirinvitation.
Werejectedhisideaforamusicclub,anddecidedtohaveanartclubinstead.
Theyrejecteddamagedgoods.
辨析refuse与reject
两者都有“拒绝”之意,refuse不仅可用来拒绝别天的请求和要求,而且还可用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助;其后能跟不定式;reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助,其后不能跟不定式。
HerefusedtheinvitationfromJohn.
HerefusedtobelievewhatIsaid.
12.Awareadj.知道的;意识到的
Beawareof了解的;知道的
Beawarethat从句
Wemustbeawareofthewholecircumstances.
AreyouawareofthefactthatthisisChina’sinternalaffair.
Wearewell/fullyawarethatthesedaysaregoneforever.
Areyouawarewhatweshalldothisafternoon?
I’mquiteawarehowyouarefeelingnow.
注意afraid,ashamed,asleep,awake等形容词一般不能由程度副词very修饰,而需要用不同的副词修饰不同的形容词:
verymuch/deadlyafraid.,soundasleep,wideawake,well/fully/quiteaware
13.breakawayfrom摆脱,脱离;去掉;改掉
Thecriminalbrokeawayfromthetwopolicemenwhowereholdinghim.
Youmustbreakawayfromsuchbadhabits.
Breakdown坏掉,打破breakinto闯入;打断(话题)
Breakintopieces成为碎片breakout爆发
Breakthrough突围;突破breakup分解
14.attemptvt.n.试图;尝试
Attemptn.
Attempttodo
Inattempttodo
Makeanattempttodo/atdoing
Heattemptedtheexaminationbutfailed.
Theenemyattemptedtobreakthroughourlines.
IattemptedwalkinguntilIfellover.
Wefailedinourattempttoclimbthemountain.
高考样题例释
1.(2004年全国)Theforest-guardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeencompletely.
A.turneddownB.putout
C.putawayD.turnedover
【解析】答案为B。
putoutthefire扑灭火.
2.(2003年全国)Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieswithnoagreementreached.
A.havebrokendownB.havebrokenout
C.havebrokeninD.havebrokenup
【解析】答案为A。
题干所提供的语意为:
和谈失败,而未达成任何协议,故选用breakdown,意为“受挫,失败”。
3.(2003年全国)—IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.
一.Itwasherfault.
A.NowayB.Notpossible
C.NochanceD.Notatall
【解析】答案为A。
根据会话的语境,尤其是答话人所说的Itwasherfault.可以判断出答案为A,表示答话人决不打电话向Jenny道歉。
Noway意为“没门儿,无论如何也不”。
单选高考模拟
1.—Areyougoodatpaintingbeautifulpictures?
—.
A.Yes,it'sapieceofcake!
B.Yes,butthatdown’tmeaneverything.
C.Oh,it’snothingspecialactually.
D.I'dlikenothingbetter.
2.—Areyousureheisabletodothejobwell?
—hewouldgivehismindtoit.
A.IncaseB.Until
C.IfonlyD.Unless
3.—Itsoundsreasonable,butIthinkmyownwayisbetter.
—You'llhavenothingtobyrefusingtolistentoouradvice.
A.gainB.graspC.seizeD.earn
4.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.
A.wouldgoB.willgo
C.wentD.havenone
5.—Annwillbesentabroadverysoon.
—Sheneverdreamsofsuchachance.
A.beingB.theretobe
B.therebeD.therebeing
6.Thenursetreatedthenaughtyboyverykindly,butherpatienceatlast.
A.wentdownB.usedupC.gotawayD.gaveout
7.—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?
—SorrytosayIdidn’t.Itwasameetingthanaparty.
A.morelikeB.ratherlikeC.lesslikeD.moreorless
8.—Areyousatisfiedwithhiswork,sir?
—Well,I’mafraiditcouldn’tbe.
A.anybetterB.thebest
B.anyworseD.theworst
9.IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestheremoresplendidthancommonly.
A.supposedB.supposeC.tosupposeD.supposing
10.It’stimetostopwork.Let’sthetoolsandforthenightinthewoods.
A.putinto;putonB.putdown;putoff
C.putaway;putupD.putaside;putout
全真模拟训练
一、单项填空
1.Theboy’sparentsgaveTom30dollarsasa(n)forsavingtheirsonfromthefire.
A.awardB.rewardC.prizeD.gift
2.Ihavealotfoforhisopinions,butIdon’tthinkhisideaswillwork.
A.sympathyB.sympathiesC.funD.joys
3.,youareright,butIdon’tknowallthefacts.
A.AfterallB.AboveallC.InasenseD.Meaningfully
4.Althoughshemaybetroubled,shealwaysacalmsmilingface.
A.performsB.takesinC.presentsD.lightsup
5.Ifyouwanttoplaythepianowell,you’llhavetoeveryday.
A.labourB.exerciseC.practiceD.repeat
6.Thesoldierswereputinprisonbecausetheytoobeyorders.
A.effusedB.rejectedC.deniedD.objected
7.Inseniorhighschool,shedidwellinfivesubjects,,Chinese,maths,physics,chemistryandEnglish.
A.namelyB.suchasC.forexampleD.itis
8.Afteralongdelay,hetheletter.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrecttofillintheblank?
A.gotaroundtowriting
B.setouttowrite
C.setaboutwriting
D.gotaboutwriting
9.Heisworkinghardalldaylong,whichwillsurelyhissuccessinthefuture.
A.leadgreatlytoB.contributegreatlyto
C.leadgreatlyuptoD.contributegreatlyfor
10.Heisofsuccess.
A.likelyB.like
C.probableD.possible
11.Theoldmanfromtowntotownwithnowheretogoandnothingtodo.
A.huntedB.setfoot
C.floatedD.foughtagainst
12.Theytheirhomeinthecountryside.
A.liedB.werelying
C.locatedD.werelocated
13.It’sknowledgeamongpoliticiansthatanelectionwillsoonbecalled.
A.usualB.common
C.ordinaryD.precious
14.—Howistheirbusinessgoing?
—Oh,it’sbecomingbetterandbetterdaybyday.They’vedecidedtoanewclerkintheaccountsdepartment.
A.takeawayB.takeoff
C.takeinD.takeon
15.Theropebegantoundertheheavyload.
A.cutoffB.separate
C.breakdownD.breakintopieces
二、完形填空
Someplaysaresosuccessfulthattheyrunforyearsonend.Inmanyways,thisis1forthepooractorswhoarerequiredtogoonrepeatingthesame2nightafternight.Onewould3themtoknowtheirpartsbyheartand4havecausetofalter(结巴).Yet5isnotalwaysthecase.
Afamousactorina6successfulplaywason