英语语法术语中英文对照.docx

英语语法术语中英文对照.docx

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英语语法术语中英文对照

词性partofspeech

1.名词noun

1）专有名词propernoun

2）普通名词commonnoun

3）可数名词countablenoun

4）不可数名词uncountablenoun

5）抽象名词abstractnoun

6）具体名词concretenoun

7）物质名词materialnoun

8）集体名词collectivenoun

9）个体名词individualnoun

2.动词verb

1）及物动词transitiveverb

2）不及物动词intransitiveverb

3）限定动词finiteverbform

4）非限定动词non-finiteverbform

5）主动词mainverb

6）系动词linkverb

7）助动词auxiliaryverb

8）情态动词modalverb

9）规则动词regularverb

10）不规则动词irregularverb

11）短语动词phrasalverb

12）限定动词finiteverb

13）非限定动词infiniteverb

14）使役动词causativeverb

15）感官动词verbofsenses

16）动态动词eventverb

17）静态动词stageverb

3.形容词adjective

4.副词adverb

1）方式副词adverbofmanner

2）程度副词adverbofdegree

3）时间副词adverboftime

4）地点副词adverbofplace

5）修饰性副词adjunct

6）连接性副词conjunct

7）疑问副词interrogativeadverb

8）关系副词relativeadverb

5.代词pronoun

1）人称代词personalpronoun

2）物主代词possessivepronoun

3）名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun

4）形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun

5）反身代词reflexivepronoun

6）指示代词demonstrativepronoun

7）疑问代词interrogativepronoun

8）关系代词relativepronoun

9）不定代词indefinitepronoun

6.冠词article

1）定冠词definitearticle

2）不定冠词indefinitearticle

7.数词numeral

1）基数词cardinalnumeral

2）序数词ordinalnumeral

8.介词preposition

9.连词conjunction

10.感叹词exclamation

一、数/格/性number/case/gender

1.数number

1）单数形式singularform

2）复数形式pluralform

3）规则形式regularform

4）不规则形式irregularform

2.格case

1）普通格commoncase

2）所有格possessivecase

3）主格nominativecase

4）宾格objectivecase

3.性gender

1）阴性feminine

2）阳性masculine

3）中性neuter

4）通性common

4.人称person

1）第一人称firstperson

2）第二人称secondperson

3）第三人称thirdperson

二、句子成分membersofsentences

1.主语subject

2.谓语predicate

3.表语predicative

4.宾语object

1）双宾语dualobject

2）直接宾语directobject

3）间接宾语indirectobject

4）复合宾语complexobject

5）同源宾语cognateobject

5.定语attribute

6.状语adverbial

7.同位语appositive

8.补语complement

1）主语补足语subjectcomplement

2）宾语补足语objectcomplement

三、句子sentence（基本句型basicsentencepattern）

1.简单句simplesentence

2.并列句compoundsentence

3.复合句complexsentence

4.并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence

5.陈述句declarativesentence

6.存在句existentialsentence

7.疑问句interrogativesentence

1）一般疑问句generalquestion

2）特殊疑问句specialquestion

3）选择疑问句alternativequestion

4）反义疑问句disjunctivequestion

5）附加疑问句tagquestion

6）修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion

7）感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion

8.肯定句positivesentence

9.否定句negativesentence

10.祈使句imperativesentence

11.省略句ellipticalsentence

12.感叹句exclamatorysentence

四、语气/语态/语序mood/voice/order

1.语气mood

1）陈述语气indicativemood

2）祈使语气imperativemood

3）虚拟语气subjunctivemood

2.语态voice

1）主动语态activevoice

2）被动语态passivevoice

3.否定negation

1）否定范围scopeofnegation

2）全部否定fullnegation

3）局部否定partialnegation

4）转移否定shiftofnegation

4.语序order

1）自然语序naturalorder

2）倒装语序inversion

i.全部倒装fullinversion

ii.部分倒装partialinversion

3）直接引语directspeech

4）间接引语indirectspeech

5）自由直接引语freedirectspeech

6）自由间接引语freeindirectspeech

5.一致agreement

1）主谓一致subject-predicateagreement

2）语法一致grammaticalagreement

3）概念一致notionalagreement

4）就近原则principleofproximity

5）强调emphasis

6）重复repetition

6.语音pronunciation

1）语调tone

2）声调risingtone

3）降调fallingtone

4）升降调falling-risingtone

7.文本style

1）正式文本formal

2）非正式文本informal

3）口语spoken/oralEnglish

4）套语formulisticexpression

5）英国英语BritishEnglish

6）美国英语AmericanEnglish

8.用法usage

1）感情色彩emotionalcoloring

2）褒义commendatory

3）贬义derogatory

4）幽默humorous

5）讽刺sarcastic

6）挖苦ironic

7）词性partofspeech

8）语法grammar

9）句法syntax

10）词法morphology

11）结构structure

12）层次rank

13）句子sentence

14）从句clause

15）词组phrase

9.词类partofspeech

1）单词word

2）实词notionalword

3）虚词structuralword

4）单纯词simpleword

5）派生词derivative

6）复合词compound

10.句法关系syntacticrelationship

1）并列coordinate

2）从属subordination

3）修饰modification

4）前置修饰pre-modification

5）后置修饰post-modification

6）限制restriction

7）双重限制double-restriction

8）非限制non-restriction

五、从句clause

1.从属句subordinateclause

2.并列句coordinateclause

3.名词性从句nominalclause

1）主语从句subjectclause

2）表语从句predicativeclause

3）宾语从句objectclause

4）同位语从句appositiveclause

4.定语从句attributiveclause

5.宾语从句objectclause

6.主语从句subjectclause

7.同位语从句appositiveclause

8.状语从句adverbialclause

1）时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime

2）地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace

3）方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner

4）让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession

5）原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause

6）结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult

7）目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose

8）条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition

i.真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition

ii.非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition

iii.含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition

iv.错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition

9）比较状语从句adverbialclauseofcomparison

六、时态tense

1.现在时presenttense

1）一般现在时presentsimpletense

2）现在进行时presentcontinuoustense

3）现在完成时presentperfecttense

4）现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense

2.过去时pasttense

1）一般过去时pastsimpletense

2）过去进行时pastcontinuoustense

3）过去完成时pastperfecttense

4）过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense

3.将来时futuretense

1）一般将来时futuresimpletense

2）将来进行时futurecontinuoustense

3）将来完成时futureperfecttense

4）将来完成进行时futureperfectcontinuoustense

4.其他

1）一般过去将来时pastfuturetense

2）过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense

3）过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense

4）过去将来完成进行时pastfutureperfectcontinuoustense