科技英语课件摘要写作.docx

科技英语课件摘要写作.docx

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科技英语课件摘要写作

Lecture3Abstract

（1）:

Category,Structure,andGeneralWritingRequirements

Asaminiatureofthepaperwithalimitednumberofwords,anabstractisabriefsummaryofaresearcharticle,thesis,review,conferenceproceedings,oranyin-depthanalysisofaparticularsubject,andisoftenusedtohelpthereaderquicklyascertainthepaper’spurpose.Givenitsimportance,wearetodealwiththeabstractwritinginthefollowingtwolectures.Includedinthelecturearedifferentcategoriesoftheabstract,generalstructureoftheabstract,generalrequirementsinabstractwriting,etc.

LectureObjectives

Aftercompletingthislecture,youshouldbeableto:

1.Distinguishdifferentcategoriesoftheabstract

2.Understandthegeneralstructureoftheabstract

3.Meetgeneralwritingrequirementsoftheabstract

DifferentCategoriesoftheAbstract

Anabstractisasuccinctsummaryofapieceofwork,usuallyacademicinnature.Itispublishedinisolationfromthemaintextandshouldthereforestandonitsownandbeunderstandablewithoutreferencetothewholepiece.Itshouldreporttheessentialfactsofthepaper,andshouldnotexaggerateorcontainmaterialthatisnotinthepaper.

Beingaself-containedentity,theabstractholdsacriticalrolecomparedwiththeotherpartsofthewholepaper.Anabstractisviewedasamini-versionofthepaper,summarizingthecontentofthemainbody.Awell-preparedabstractservesasausefultoolinsearchingforinformationandenablesreaderstoidentifythebasiccontentofapaperquicklyandaccurately,todetermineitsrelevancetotheirinterest,andfinallytodecidewhethertheyneedtoreadthepaperinitsentirety.

Abstractscanbegenerallyclassifiedintothreecategories:

descriptive,informational,andinformational-descriptive.

DescriptiveAbstract

Adescriptiveabstractusuallystatesthegeneralsubjectmatterofthepaper.Ittellsinanall-roundwaywhatthepapercontains.

Thefollowingisadescriptiveabstractincludingthebackground,topic,approach,conclusion,andsignificanceoftheresearch.Pleasenotethepartsinbold,whichhelpusunderstandtheideaandstructurebetter.

Ex.3-1

Abstract

Antibodiesplayacentralroleinimmunitybyforminganinterfacewiththeinnateimmunesystemand,typically,mediatingproinflammatoryactivity[background].Wedescribeanovelposttranslationalmodificationthatleadstoanti-inflammatoryactivityofantibodiesofimmunoglobulinG,isotype4（IgG4）[topic].IgG4antibodiesaredynamicmoleculesthatexchangeFabarmsbyswappingaheavychainandattachedlightchain（hall-molecule）withaheavy-tightchainpairfromanothermolecule,whichresultsinbispecificantibodies[approach].Mutagenesisstudiesrevealthatthethirdconstantdomainiscriticalforthisactivity.TheimpactofIgG4Fabarmexchangeisconfirmedinvivoinarhesusmonkeymodelwithexperimentalautoimmunemyastheniagravis[conclusion].IgG4Fabarmexchangeissuggestedtobeanimportantbiologicalmechanismthatprovidesthebasisfortheanti-inflammatoryactivityattributedtoIgG4antibodies[significance].

InformationalAbstract

Aninformationalabstracthighlightstheapproachandconclusionbrieflybutquantitatively.Itisacondensedversionoftheresearchwork.Insteadofindicatingthegeneralcontent,itshouldbespecificandquantitative,givingessentialdata.Thefollowingexampleshowshowthistypeofabstractshouldbestructured.

Ex.3-2

Abstract

ThesystemanalysistheorywasusedtoestablishChinaTIMESmodelsystem（C-TMS）tostudyChina’sfuturelowcarbonenergydevelopmentstrategy[topic].Withreasonableassumptionofthefutureeconomicandsocialdevelopment,themodelsystemwasemployedtoinvestigateChina’sfinalandprimaryenergyconsumptionandmixfrom2010to2050,andanalyzetheshareofthenon-fossilfuelsintheprimaryenergyconsumptionin2020,thusproposingafuturelowcarbonenergydevelopmentstrategy[approach].TheresultsshowthatChina’senergyconsumptionwillmaintainsustainedandrapidgrowthbefore2020inbothreferencescenarioandpolicyscenario,withtheprimaryconsumptionin2020reaching4.91billiontonesand4.76billiontonesofcoalequivalent,respectively.Excludingnon-commodityfuels,non-fossilfuelswillaccountforover0.7billiontonesofcoalequivalentbycoalconsumptionofpowersupplyin2020,withtheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergybeing14.8percentinthepolicyscenario[conclusion].

Informational-descriptiveAbstract

Aninformational-descriptiveabstractisacombinedformthatbearsspecificinformationabouttheapproachandconclusionofthepaper.Thefollowingabstracthighlightstheresearchapproach（theoryexplorationandsurvey）ontheonehand,andemphasizestheconclusion（ninefactors）ontheother.

Ex.3-3

（1）

Abstract

Thestudyofindividualdifference（ID）inEnglishasaForeignLanguage（EFL）hasattractedmoreattention[background].Thepaperfocusesonsomefactorsinpredictingsuccessamongnon-EnglishmajorcollegestudentsinspecificForeignLanguageLearning（FLL）contextinChina[topic].IncludedinthestudyaretheemploymentofthetheoriesofSecondLanguageAcquisition（SLA）andFLL,thedesignofthesurvey,thedatacollectioninTsinghuaUniversity,andtheanalysesofthedata[approach].TheresultsshowthatninefactorsplayamoreimportantroleinEFLlearningproficiency,namelygrowingenvironment,familyincome,overanxiety,extroversion,strongmotivation,lectureinstruction,functionalpractice,self-initiation,andmonitoringstrategies[conclusion].Theresearch,therefore,willhighlightnotonlytheimportanceofIDinEFLinChina,butalsothenecessityoftakingconcreteandeffectivemeasurestocatertolearner’sindividualneeds[significance].

BasicElementsofanAbstract

（1）AStatementoftheBackground

Astatementofthebackgroundisoftensummarizedintoonesentence,showingthebackgroundofthestudy.However,itisnotamustinaabstract.

（2）AStatementoftheTopic

Astatementofthetopic（orsubject/purpose/aim）usuallyboilsdowntoasinglesentence.Itstatesthesubjectofthepaper,indicatingitsscopeandobjectives.

（3）AStatementoftheApproach

Theapproachmightbeananalyticalmethod,adesigntechnique,atestingscheme,etc.Itisanecessarypartandshouldbeveryinformativewithmorethanonesentence.

（4）AStatementoftheConclusion

Thecontributionofapapermaybeatheoreticaloranexperimentalfinding,anewdesignwithimprovedproperties,arecommendedcourseofaction,etc.Theconclusionsummarizesthetheoreticalorexperimentalresult,andothersignificantitemsinthepaper.Itisregardedasoneofthecoreelementsofanabstract.

（5）AStatementoftheSignificance

Astatementofthesignificance（orcontribution）isnotnecessaryinallabstracts.Thewritermayormaynotoffertheinformation.

Insummary,anabstractconsistofthreecoreelements（topic,approach,andconclusion）.Theinformationofresearchbackgroundandsignificancemayormaynotbeprovidedunlessyouthinkitverynecessary.Forinstance,youmayrestructureEx.3-3

（1）withouttheinformationofbackgroundandsignificance,whichisalsoacademic.

Ex.3-3

（2）

Abstract

Thepaperfocusesonsomefactorsinpredictingsuccessamongnon-EnglishmajorcollegestudentsinspecificForeignLanguageLearning（FLL）contextinChina[topic].IncludedinthestudyaretheemploymentofthetheoriesofSecondLanguageAcquisition（SLA）andFLL,thedesignofthesurvey,thedatacollectioninTsinghuaUniversity,andtheanalysesofthedata[approach].TheresultsshowthattheninefactorsplayamoreimportantroleinEFLlearningproficiency,namelygrowingenvironment,familyincome,overanxiety,extroversion,strongmotivation,lectureinstruction,functionalpractice,self-initiation,andmonitoringstrategies[conclusion].

ExercisesandPractice

1.Workinpairsanddiscussthemajordifferencesbetweendescriptiveabstractandinformationalabstract.

2.Readthefollowingabstractscarefully,andanalyzethemintermsofcategories.

Abstract1

ThispapercomparesAmericanandChinesecampaignpracticesandrevealstheprominenceofcultureanditsimpactsupontheoperationofpubliccommunicationcampaigns.Specifically,thiscomparativestudyshowsthat,ChineseandAmericancampaignpracticesdifferin

（1）ideologiesandperceptions;

（2）approachesandstrategies;and（3）implementationandevaluations.Inrunningthecampaigns,whileAmericansrelyheavilyonmassmediaandconcentrateonshort-termgoals,Chinesedependmoreoninterpersonalinfluencesandprimarilyonlong-termsocialeffects.Thesedifferencesincampaignpracticesarehoweverattributabletotheirrespectiveculturalorientations.

Abstract2

Thispaperdiscussesinasystematicwaygrammaticalanalysisandpresentationofgrammaticalinformationinbilingualdictionariesonfivelevels,i.e.wordclass,subclass,grammaticalforms,syntacticfeatures,andusage,followedbyanexplanationofhowtodisplaysyntacticpropertiesandfunctionsofwordsthroughcarefullychosenexamples.Ittreatsgrammaticalanalysisasanessentialprocessincorpusconstructionandexploresthepossibilityofpresentingmoregrammaticalinformationinelectronicbilingualdictionariesforthebenefitofforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.

Abstract3

Neuropathicfootulcerationisamajormedicalandeconomicproblemamongdiabeticpatients,andthetraditionaltreatmentinvolvesbedrestwithcompletefreedomfromweightbearing.Wehaveinvestigatedtheuseofwalkingplastercastsinthemanagementofsevendiabeticpatientswithlong-standing,chronicfootu