Literal Translation and Free Translation直译和意译探析文档格式.docx

Literal Translation and Free Translation直译和意译探析文档格式.docx

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1.1ThedefinitionofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslation……………………1

1.2AnalysisthemaindifferencesbetweenLiteraltranslationandfreetranslation…

1.3MisunderstandingpointsofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslation…………

1.3.1Literaltranslationisnotwordforwordtranslation……………………

1.3.2Literaltranslationisnotdeadtranslation……………………

1.3.3FreetranslationisnotTranslationfreelyordonotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks……

1.3.4Freetranslationneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage………………

ChapterTwoTheapplicationofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslation……………8

2.1TheapplicationofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationinliterature…………8

2.2TheapplicationofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationinproverb…………

2.3TheapplicationofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationinidiom…………

ChapterThreeCombinationofliteralandliberaltranslation………………24

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………32

Notes

Bibliography

内容摘要

本文的题目是论直译和意译，讲的是直译与字译，意译与乱译及直译与意译的区别。

说到直译、字译和乱译、意译，有人也许会认为这是一个老掉牙的话题，早已跟不上时代的潮流了。

殊不知，以“直译”和“意译”为幌子，字字对译，死译、硬译、胡译、乱译的人仍不在少数;

不懂直译、意译兼用之妙，只信奉直译一种方法，或意译一种方法,一条路走到黑的译者也大有人在。

本文正是要还直译、意译一个本来面目，不仅论其长，而且论其短，旨在说明如何选择正确的翻译方法，不断提高翻译作品的质量。

直译和意译作为一种翻译流派或曰翻译方法，在中国翻译界可以说是源远流长。

人们认为直译既忠实于原文又可以“输入新的表现法”，是一种理想的翻译方法;

有的人则认为直译太过拘泥于原文，缺乏变通，实际上无异于逐字翻译，应予以排斥。

这些观点往往只集中于直译的某个侧面，见木不见林，未免失之偏颇。

本文试图对直译进行全面而公正的评述，既肯定直译从本质上区别于字字对译、字比句次的逐字翻译或曰字译，又强调直译的适用有其局限性，必须引入一种与之互补的翻译方法即意译，二者交相为用，扬长避短，方能产生好的译文。

本文的第Ⅰ章谈的直译与意译的概念，由此来说明直译与意译的本质区别和误区。

直译不等与字字对译、死译、硬译，意译不等于胡译、乱译。

本文的第Ⅱ章谈的便是直译与意译的应用，说明并不是在任何情况都可以使用直译或意译的。

本文的第Ⅲ章谈的直译与意译的兼用。

俗话说，“实践出真知。

”本文正是从翻译实践出发，译本大量翻译实例为基础，发现问题并试图解决问题，进行分析、总结、归纳。

对拘泥于原文形式，亦步亦趋，逐字死译、硬译和胡译乱译译者敲一下警钟。

关键词∶直译，意译，兼用

Abstract

Thetitleofthisarticleistheliteralandfreetranslation。

Itintroducesliteralandfreetranslationfreetranslationand，thedifferencesbetweenliteralandfreetranslation。

Whenwetalkaboutliteraltranslation,wordforwordtranslation,translationfreelyandfreetranslation,somepeoplemaythinkitisanoutdatedtopicwhichcouldnotfollowthetrendoftime.However,takingtheheliteralandfreetranslationastheshopsign,manypeopledowordforwordtranslation,diedtranslation,translationfreelywithoutsomerules.Somepeopledonotknowhowtouseliteralandfreetranslationtogether,onlybelieveinoneway:

literaltranslationorfreetranslationwithoutanychanges.Thearticlewillgivetherealconditionofliteralandfreetranslation,notonlytalkabouttheiradvantage,butalsodisadvantage,aimingtoexplainhowtochoosethecorrectwayoftranslation,andimprovethequalityoftranslationworks.

Theliteralandfreetranslationasakindoftranslationschoolortranslationmethod,hasalonghistoryinthetranslationfield.Peoplethinkthattheliteraltranslationisloyaltotheoriginaltextwiththeinputofnewwaytoexpress,soitisanidealwayoftranslation.Otherpeoplethinkliteraltranslationisboundedtotheoriginaltextwithoutchanges.Actuallyithasnodifferenceswithwordforwordtranslation,soshouldberejected.Theseviewsonlyfocusononeaspectofliteraltranslation,andlackcompletedconsideration.Thearticletriedtogiveacompletedandfairexplanation.Itmakessurethatliteraltranslationisdifferentfromwordforwordtranslation,translationfreely,andemphasizesthelimitationofliteraltranslation.Weshouldintroduceanotherwayoftranslation-freetranslation.Onlywhenwemakeagooduseofthetwotheliteralandfreetranslation,canweproducethegoodversions.

Chapteroneintroducedtheconceptofliteralandfreetranslation,toexplaintheessentialdifferencesbetweenliteralandfreetranslationandthehabitedmistakes.literaltranslationdoesnotequaltowordforwordtranslation,diedtranslation,andfreetranslationdoesnotequaltotranslatefreelywithoutanyrules.

Chaptertwotalkedtheusagesofliteralandfreetranslation,concludedthatliteralorfreetranslationcouldnotbeusedinanycondition.

Chapterthreetalkedaboutthecombinationofliteralandfreetranslation.

Asansayinggoes:

“onlybypractice,therealknowledgecanbeacquired.”Thisthesisstartedfromthetranslationpractice,listedmanytranslationexamplesasthebasictofindthequestionsandtrytosettlethem,andmadetheanalysissummarizationandconclusion.Theauthorhopesthearticlecangivesomewarningstothosetranslatorswhoareonlyboundedtotheformoftheoriginaltext,wordforwordtranslatingwithoutchangesandtranslatingcausallyastheylike.

Keywords:

literaltranslating,freetranslation,combination

Introduction

Talkingabouttranslationapproaches,onemaynaturallythinkaboutthetwotermspopularamongChinesetranslators,namelyliteraltranslationandfreetranslationwhichmadetheirappearancesalmostsimultaneouslyinChinesetranslationhistory,Amongotherthings,literaltranslationisregardedasequalto“word-for-wordtranslation”byaconsiderablenumberoftranslators,However,literaltranslationisactuallydifferentfromword-for-wordtranslation,whichwillbeclarifiedindetailafterwards.

Asisknowntoall,literaltranslationorfreetranslationhasbeengenerallyacknowledgedasaprincipalandeffectivetranslationapproachhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.However,differentviewpoints,complimentaryorderogatoryhaveneverceased.JusttakethegreatdebatelaunchedbyLuXunandLiangShiqiuasanexample,asasteadfastadvocateanddefenderofliteraltranslation,LuXunhadtrulybelievedthatthemethodofliteraltranslationcouldnotonlyconveyfreshideasbutmoreimportantlybringinnewwaysofexpression;

whereasLiangShiqiuandlaterhisfollowerZhaoJingshen,bothareenthusiasticsupportersoffreetranslation,labeledliteraltranslationas“rigidtranslation”andwentsofarastoallege“expressivenessratherthanfaithfulness”.Althoughtheoristsafterwardsgraduallydevelopedamoremoderateattitudetowardliteraltranslation.,someofthemstillmistookword-for-wordtranslationforliteraltranslationoratleastregardedword-for-wordtranslationasonetypeofliteraltranslation,andsomeofthem,whiletalkingofliteraltranslationincontrastwithfreetranslation,concentratedmainlyonculture-specificexpressionssuchasidioms,proverb,concludedthatfreetranslationisbetterthanliteraltranslation.

Inthisthesis,Theauthorgoesontogivein-depthdescriptionsofbothliteraltranslationandfreetranslationwhicharecertainlyonestepfurtherthanthedefinitionsofferedbyprevioustheoristsandcriticswhotouchedthesubjectbutfailedtogiveafull-view-picture.Whiledifferentiatingliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,theauthordidnotchoosetoproveherviewsthroughargumentationandshewouldrathergivedescriptionstocommunicateheropinionsregardingliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Theauthortriestogiveacompleteandjustassessmentofliteraltranslationbycomparingitrespectivelywithword-for-wordtranslationandfreetranslation.

Inthefirstchapterisdevotedtothedefinitionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.FromdefinitionsweanalyzethemaindifferencesbetweenLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationandpointoutmisunderstandingpointsofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.

InthesecondchapteristoexplainoftheapplicationofLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationinliterature,proverb,andidiom.

Inthethirdchapter,however,weaknessesorlimitationsofliteraltranslationwillberevealedthroughcontrastwithfreetranslationinareasandthenecessityofcombiningliteraltranslationwithfreetranslationthusemerges.

Throughoutthethesis,theauthorhasemployedalargenumberofexamplestoexplainliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.

ChapterOneLiteralTranslationandFreeTranslation

Peopleoftendiscussliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomethodsoftranslation.Literaltranslationisagoodchoicetouse;

itkeepstheoriginalmessageform.Freetranslationisatranslationskillwhichisflexible;

itexpressesgeneralideaoftheoriginal.Moredetailsaregivenbelow.

1.1TheDefinitionofLiteralTranslationandFreeTranslation

Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicskillsoftranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keeptheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,andmetaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.

Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedetailsbuttranslationwouldalsobefluentandnatural.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,andmetaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnaturally,andexpressthemeaningoftheoriginal.

Freetranslationisaskillwhichtranslatorsmustknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.Whentranslating,shouldnotuseliteraltranslationcompletelyorusefreetranslationcompletely.Accordingtothepassagewhichyouaretranslating,youshoulduseliteraltranslationfreq