考研英语一真题和参考答案解析.docx

考研英语一真题和参考答案解析.docx

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考研英语一真题和参考答案解析

　2017考研英语一真题及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?

Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!

"1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

　　Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

　　"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat'susually14withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty."

　　Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

　　1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Despite[D]Throughout

　　【答案】[B]Besides

　　2.[A]connected[B]restricted[C]equal[D]inferior

　　【答案】[A]connected

　　3.[A]choice[B]view[C]lesson[D]host

　　【答案】[D]host

　　4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

　　【答案】[C]avoid

　　5.[A]collecting[B]involving[C]guiding[D]affecting

　　【答案】[B]involving

　　6.[A]of[B]in[C]at[D]on

　　【答案】[D]on

　　7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

　　【答案】[B]exposed

　　8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out

　　【答案】[C]down

　　9.[A]calculated[B]denied[C]doubted[D]imagined

　　【答案】[A]calculated

　　10.[A]served[B]required[C]restored[D]explained

　　【答案】[D]explained

　　11.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Thus

　　【答案】[A]Even

　　12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]tests[D]errors

　　【答案】[B]symptoms

　　13.[A]minimized[B]highlighted[C]controlled[D]increased

　　【答案】[D]increased

　　14.[A]equipped[B]associated[C]presented[D]compared

　　【答案】[B]associated

　　15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

　　【答案】[C]generate

　　16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof

　　【答案】[A]inthefaceof

　　17.[A]transfer[B]commit[C]attribute[D]return

　　【答案】[C]attribute

　　18.[A]because[B]unless[C]though[D]until

　　【答案】[A]because

　　19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases

　　【答案】[C]remains

　　20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences

　　【答案】[D]influences

Text1

　　Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

　　Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:

WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

　　Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

　　Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

　　ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:

EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

　　Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

　　TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

　　21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

　　[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

　　[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

　　[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

　　[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

　　22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

　　[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

　　[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

　　[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

　　[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

　　23.Theword“expedited”（Liner4,Para.5）isclosetinmeaningto

　　[A]quieter.

　　[B]cheaper.

　　[C]wider.

　　[D]faster.

　　24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

　　[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

　　[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

　　[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

　　[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?

　　[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

　　[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

　　[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

　　[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

　　答案：

21-25ACDDC

Text2

　　“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）,agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

　　AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

　　OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

　　Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

　　Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

　　TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

　　26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates

　　[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

　　[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

　　[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

　　[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinher