专题15 热点话题真题训练备战高考英语阅读理解.docx

专题15 热点话题真题训练备战高考英语阅读理解.docx

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专题15热点话题真题训练备战高考英语阅读理解

专题15热点话题

真题训练

Passage1（2017年·新课标卷II）

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会飞的汽车

★★★☆☆

6分钟

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugia

saysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?

A.Itcauserstrafficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.

C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.

30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?

A.CautiousB.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition’sFirstFlight

C.Pilots’DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality

【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车，试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。

本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。

28.A【解析】段落大意题。

根据“Thevehicle-namedtheTransition–hastwoseatswheelsandwingsthatfoldup

soitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115inthefliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.”可知选A。

29.C【解析】细节理解题。

根据“Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost

$279,000”可知，因为Transition的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。

故选C。

31.D【解析】标题归纳题。

浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的

设想至今成为现实展开说明。

故选D。

Passage2（2017年·北京卷）

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人工智能

★★★☆☆

7分钟

Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:

“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干预）,wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:

awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.

Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:

wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.

SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced（中子诱导）nuclearchainreaction.

67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.

A.runoutofhumancontrol

B.satisfyhuman’srealdesires

C.commandarmiesofkillerrobots

D.workfasterthanamathematician

68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.

A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyed

B.achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependently

C.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenorders

D.beathumansininternationalchessmatches

69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.

A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetter

B.besecureagainstevilhumanbeings

C.keepmachinesfrombeingharmed

D.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld

70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?

A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.

B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.

C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.

D.Itwillstayforadecade.

【话题解读】本文主要介绍了人工智能及它给我们的生活带来的影响。

67.A【解析】推理判断题。

根据第一段Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。

69.D【解析】推理判断题。

根据第三段usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。

70.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据最后一段SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。

Passage3（2017年·江苏卷）

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应对气候变暖的新途径

★★★☆☆

5分钟

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:

＂Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation.＂Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（连体）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:

hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem