上海市宝山区届高三英语上学期期末教学质量监测试题无答案文档格式.docx
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Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.
A.extent
B.substance
C.normal
D.potentialE.refreshing
F.instructions
G.function
H.caused
I.physical
J.restore
K.mentally
Thediscoverybuildsonearlierfindingsshowedthataclassofgenescalledsplicing(胶接)factorsisprogressivelyswitchedoffasweage.Theresearchteamfoundthatsplicingfactorscanbeswitchedbackonwithchemicals,makingagingcellsnotonlylook____31____younger,butstarttodividelikeyoungcells.
Theresearchersappliedcompoundschemicalsbasedona____32____naturallyfoundinredwine,darkchocolate,redgrapesandblueberries,tocellsinculture.Thechemicals____33____splicingfactors,whichareprogressivelyswitchedoffasweagetobeswitchedbackon.Withinhours,thecellslookedyoungerandstartedtorejuvenate,
behavinglikeyoungcells.
Thediscoveryhasthe___34_____toleadtotherapiesthatcouldhelppeopleagebetter,withoutexperiencingsomeofthedegenerativeeffectsofgettingold.Mostpeoplebytheageof85haveexperiencedsomekindofchronicillness,andaspeoplegetoldertheyaremorepronetostroke,heartdiseaseandcancer.
ProfessorHarriesassaying,“Thisisafirststepintryingtomakepeoplelive
___35_____lifetime,butwithhealthfortheirentirelife.Ourdatasuggeststhatusingchemicalstoswitchbackonthemajorclassofgenesthatareswitchedoffasweagemightprovideameansto____36____tooldcells.”
DrEvaLatorre,ResearchAssociateattheUniversityofExeter,whocarriedouttheexperiments,wassurprisedbythe____37____andrapidityofthechangesinthecells.
“WhenIsawsomeofthecellsintheculturedish___38_____Icouldn’tbelieveit.Theseoldcellswerelookinglikeyoungcells.Itwaslikemagic,”shesaid.“Irepeatedtheexperimentsseveraltimesandineachcasethecellsrejuvenated.Iamveryexcitedbytheimplicationsandpotentialforthisresearch.”
Asweage,ourtissuesaccumulatesenescentcellswhicharealivebutdonotgrowor____39____astheyshould.Theseoldcellslosetheabilitytocorrectlyregulatetheoutputoftheirgenes.Thisisonereasonwhytissuesandorgansbecomesusceptibletodiseaseasweage.Whenactivated,genesmakeamessagethatgivesthe____40____
forthecelltobehaveinacertainway.Mostgenescanmakemorethanonemessage,whichdetermineshowthecellacts.
Splicingfactorsarecrucialinensuringthatgenescanperformtheirfullrangeoffunctions.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
CameronBuckner,assistantprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofHouston,arguesinanarticlepublishedinPhilosophyandPhenomenologicalResearchthatawiderangeofanimalspeciesexhibitso-called“executivecontrol”whenitcomestomakingdecisions,_____41___consideringtheirgoalsandwaystosatisfythosegoalsbeforeacting.
Heacknowledgesthatlanguageis____42___forsomeexperiencedformsofhigher-orderthinking,orthinkingaboutthinking.Butsupportedbyareviewofpreviouslypublishedresearch,Buckner_____43____thatawidevarietyofanimals---elephants,chimpanzees(黑猩猩),ravens(大乌鸦)andlions,amongothers---
______44____reasonabledecision-making.
“Thesedatasuggestthatnotonlydosomeanimalshaveasubjectivetakeonthesuitabilityofthe___45_____theyareevaluatingfortheirgoal,theypossessasubjective,internalsignalregardingtheirconfidenceinthistakecanbeusedtoselectamongdifferentoptions,”hewrote.
Thequestionhasbeen____46____sincethedaysoftheancientphilosophers,aspeopleconsideredwhatmeanstobehumanis.Onewaytoaddressthat,Bucknersaid,isto____47____exactlywhatsetshumansapartfromotheranimals.
Languageremainsakeydifferencebetweenanimalsandhumans,andBucknernotesthatserious____48____inthe1970sand80stoteachanimal’shumanlanguage—teachingchimpanzeestousesignlanguage,___49___----foundthatalthoughtheywereabletoexpresssimpleideas,theydidnotengagein____50___
thoughtandlanguagestructures.
Ancientphilosophersrelieduponunreliable___51___tostudytheissue,buttoday’sresearcherconductcomplicatedcontrolledexperiments.Buckner,workingwithThomasBugnyarandStephanA.Reber,mentalbiologistattheUniversityofVienna,lastyear____52____theresultsofaresultthatdeterminedravensshareatleastsomeofthehumanabilitytothinkabstractlyaboutotherminds,___53____theirbehaviorbyattachingtheirownobservationstoothers.
Inhislatestpaper,Buckneroffersseveralexamplestosupporthis____54____.Hisgoal,Bucknersaid,wastoorganizeexperimentalresearch,“toseethatwe’regatheredenoughevidencetosaythatanimalsreallyare___55_____inauniqueway.”
41.A.secretly
B.unintentionally
C.scarcely
D.consciously
42.A.required
B.qualified
C.acquired
D.prepared
43.A.concerns
B.complains
C.conclude
D.convinces
44.A.turndown
B.engagein
C.referto
D.argueabout
45.A.option
B.scheme
C.regulation
D.random
46.A.dismissed
B.ignored
C.debated
D.answered
47.A.evaluate
B.determine
C.overlook
D.initiate
48.A.results
B.successes
C.achievements
D.attempts
49.A.forexample
B.thisistosay
C.onthecontrary
D.asaresult
50.A.obvious
B.feasible
C.private
D.complex
51.A.mystery
B.tradition
C.evidence
D.fiction
52.A.substituted
B.published
C.reflected
D.maintained
53.A.adapting
B.symbolizing
C.investigating
D.revenging
54.A.agreement
B.implement
C.requirement
D.argument
55.A.passionate
B.reasonable
C.confused
D.ridiculous
(A)
Weseethemeverywhere.“Therearesomethingsthatmoneycan’tbuy…foreverythingelse,there’sMasterCard.”Wehearthemeverywhere.“Makeliferewarding…AmericanExpress.”Whetherwatchingtelevision,drivingdownthehighway,orevenappearingonourFacebookpage,theappealofmoneyisinescapable.
Growingup,myparentsalwaysemphasizedtheimportanceoffamilyandfaithovermaterialpossessions.Yet,moneyandallthenew,interestingthingsitcouldbuydidnotescapeme.AsIenteredmyfreshmanyear,mydebitcardandIengagedinquitethedates.Betweengame-daydresses,steakdinnersandwonderfuldowntownAthens,Iquicklydrained17yearsworthofsavings.
Bythetimesummerrolledaround,Ididn’tconsiderhowmuchcashIhadspent,orhowmuchstuffIhadacquired…IwasfocusedonhowmuchmoremoneyIwouldneedfornextfall.WhenIwasn’tworking,Iwascheckingmybankaccount,trytofigureoutifmynextpaycheckwouldcoverthosepillowsthatwouldlooksocuteinmynewapartment.Mybankaccountbalancewasbecomingamajorsourceofstressinmylife,creatingtensionwithmyfinanciallysmartparentsandcausingmeconstantconcern.Finally,afteraveryheatedargumentwithmyDad,Iacceptedthetruth:
Isimplycouldnotaffordmoneyanymore.
IrealizedthatIwasmuchhappier(andIsensedmybloodpressurewasmuchlower)whenmoneywasjustsomethinginthebank.Whiletheclothesareprettyandthosepillowsarecomfy,theylosttheirappealrightaround