考研英语二真题及答案文档格式.docx

考研英语二真题及答案文档格式.docx

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The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.However

2.A.helpsB.caresC.warnsD.reduces

3.A.initiallyB.solelyC.occasionallyD.formally

4.A.recordingB.loweringC.explainingD.accepting

5.A.modifyB.setC.reviewD.reach

6.A.definitionB.depictionC.distributionD.prediction

7.A.duetoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.alongwith

8.A.orderlyB.rigidC.preciseD.immediate

9.A.claimsB.judgmentsC.reasonsD.methods

10.A.insteadB.thoughC.againD.indeed

11.A.reportB.trackC.overlookD.conceal

12.A.dependonB.approveofC.holdontoD.accountfor

13.A.prepareB.shareC.adjustD.confirm

14.A.resultsB.featuresC.rulesD.tests

15.A.boredB.anxiousC.hungryD.sick

16.A.principleB.secretC.beliefD.sign

17.A.requestB.necessityC.decisionD.wish

18.A.disappointingB.surprisingC.restrictingD.consuming

19.A.ifB.becauseC.unlessD.until

20.A.obsessingB.dominatingC.puzzlingD.triumphing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;

rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable–it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary–feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp______.

A.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment

B.regulateachild’sbasicemotions

C.improveachild’sintellectualability

D.intensifyachild’spositivefeelings

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe______.

A.inexcusable

B.deceptive

C.addictive

D.burdensome

23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat______.

A.emotionsarecontext-independent

B.anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C.emotionsaresociallyconstructive

D.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing______.

A.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

B.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

25.Theword“transgressions”（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.teachings

B.wrongdoings

C.discussions

D.restrictions

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap–butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030–financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat______.

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

C.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

D.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto______.

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

C.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

D.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto______.

A.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

B.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

D.reducethed