科技英语写作-中国人英语写作错误举例Word文档下载推荐.doc
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English-speakingeditorisunavailable.
Introduction
MostChineseuniversitiesrequiretheirdoctoralandmastercandidatesin
technicalandscientificfieldstopublishatleastoneEnglishpaperinaninternational
journalasadegreerequirement.However,manyfactorsmakethistaskdifficultto
accomplish.First,previousEnglishstudiesmaynothavefocusedenoughonwriting,let
alone(更不用说,遑论)technicalwriting.CurrentstudiesmaynotincludeEnglish,causingthewriter’sEnglishfluencyleveltodecline.Second,mostwritershaveneverlivedinanEnglishspeakingcountry.Third,duetothespecialaspectsoftechnicalwriting,evennativeEnglish-speakingengineeringstudentshaveatechnicalwritingcourseaspartoftheirstudy.
Toooften,students’papersarereturnedunaccepted(未被接受的,副词)becauseofpoorEnglish.Ifavailable,studentsmayhavetheirpaperseditedbyanativeEnglishspeaker.However,thiscangetexpensiveforadepartmentthathasmanystudentswitheachpapertypicallyneedingtobeeditedtwice.Hiringsomeonetoeditpapersisdifficult,costlyandonlyputsapatch(小弥补)overtheproblem.AnativeEnglishspeakercandoagoodjobatgettingridof(摆脱)mostofthegrammaticalmistakes.However,ifthispersondoesnothaveatechnicalbackground,particularlyintheareaofthepapersheisediting,heisunabletogetridofallofthemistakesandmakesurethatthemeaningisclear.Hecannotrecognizetheincorrecttranslationoftechnicaltermsforwhichthereisastandardword.Suchmistakeswillnotbepickedupbytheprocessor’sspellingandgrammarchecker.Inaddition,iftheyarenotfamiliarwiththetopicorfield,theymaynotgraspthemeaningoftheentirearticleandfailtomakecriticaledits.
Hiringapersonwithatechnicalbackgroundsimilartothatofthepapersbeingeditedisabetteroption.Nevertheless,whileapersonwithatechnicalbackgroundmaybeabletoeditthepapersufficiently,hemaynotbeabletoexplaintothewriterhowtopreventsuchmistakesinthefuture.Besides,itisdifficultformostChineseuniversitiestohiresuchstaffsimplyforediting.Universitiesmayconsiderinvitingavisitingscholarwhowilleditpapersinadditiontodoingresearchorteachingaspartofanexchange.
Althougheditingmaybethefastestwaytopublishpapers,itdoeslittleinthewayofteachingthewritershowtopreventcommonmistakesandcolloquial(口语,会话)habitsthatpreventaclearunderstandingofthewriter’sideas.Writerswhohavealreadyobtainedanimpressingcommand(很好的掌握)oftheEnglishlanguagecanonlytrulybenefitiftheyaremadeawareof(使,被弄清楚,懂得)),theircommonmistakesandcolloquialhabitsandhowtopreventthem.
Purpose
ThepurposeofthisreportistointroducethemostcommonhabitsinChinese-
EnglishwritingasnotedfromtheovertwohundredpapersIhaveedited.Thehabits
includegrammarmistakes,colloquialisms(口语,白话),andformattingproblemsandinmostcasespreventaclearunderstandingofthewriter’sideas.Afewofthehabits,suchaswritingextremelylongsentences,canbecorrectedwithcarefuluseoftheMSWord®
grammarandstylechecker.However,mosthabits,suchasmissingarticles,gounnoticedby(未被察觉)automaticgrammarcheckingdevices.Still,Chinese-Englishcolloquialhabitsarenotrecognizedbysuchsoftwaretools.
Structure
Thecommonhabitsarepresentedintwosections.Thefirstsectionliststhehabits
that,inmyopinion,needthemostattention.Thesehabitsinterrupttheflowofthepaper
makingitdifficulttounderstandandoccurmostfrequently.Inthissection,thehabitsare
explained,examplesentencesfromactualpapersaregiventoshowthehabits,andthe
sentencesarerewrittentoshowthecorrectwaytowritethem.Inthecaseofmissing
articles,aflowchartisalsogiventoaidinchoosingthecorrectarticles.
Inthesecondsection,anadditionallistofhabitsisgiven.Insomecases,example
sentencesaregiven.Inothercases,adviceisgiven.Thesecondsectionisveryusefulin
becomingfamiliarwithsmallnuances(微妙之处).
NotallofthecommonhabitsIobservedarepresentedmainlybecausetheycanonlybedealtwithonanindividualbasis.Forexample,writershaddifficultytitling(为文章写标题)theirpapersandnamingnewtechnicalideastoexpresstheircontentsandfunctionsconcisely.
Thisproblemfrequentlyoccurredbutitcanonlybeaddressedindividually.Oncewriters
areawareoftheirhabits,theywouldbeabletowritebettertechnicalEnglisharticles.
Section1冠词的使用错误
“a,an,the”
Thesinglemostcommonhabitistheomissionofarticlesa,an,andthe.This
occursbecauseMandarinhasnodirectequivalentofarticlesandtherulesforusingthem
aresomewhatcomplicatedforanon-nativespeakers.
Articlessignalthatanounwillfollowandthatanymodifiersbetweenthearticle
andtheSection1
Thesinglemostcommonhabitistheomissionofarticlesa,an,andthe.!
ThisoccursbecauseMandarinhasnodirectequivalentofarticlesandtherulesforusingthemaresomewhatcomplicatedforanon-nativeEnglishspeaker.
Articlessignalthatanounwillfollowandthatanymodifiers(修饰词语)betweenthearticleandthenounreferto(提及,涉及,指,表示)thatnoun(abigbluebicycle/thefirstaward).
Aandanareindefinitearticles;
theisadefinitearticle(定冠词).Everytimeasingularnoncountable(uncountable)nounoracommonnounthatnamesonecountableitemisused,thenounrequiressomekindofdeterminer(限定词).
Mistake:
The,a,andanare1)omittedwheretheyarerequired,2)usedwherethey
arenotneededorcontributetowordiness3)usedwronglyinplaceofthecorrectarticle.
Examplesofincorrectusages:
IncorrectFigure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonsurfaceofmain(主叶片)
andsplitterblades(分流叶片)
CorrectFigure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonthesurface(?
)ofthe
mainandsplitterblades.
IncorrectThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobea3Dmodelingtool;
itis
goodatdealingwithfreesurfacesandcurves.4
CorrectThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobethe3Dmodelingtool;
Therewasonlyone3Dmodelingtoolusedinthisstudy,therefore‘3Dmodeling
tool’isspecificandrequiresthearticlethe.
IncorrectAtheoreticalmethodforcalculatingtheinnerflow-fieldincentrifugal
Impeller(离心式推进器)withsplitterbladesand(遗漏了一些内容)oftheinteractions
betweenmainandsplitterbladesispresentedinthispaper.Thevortices(涡旋)
aredistributedonthemainandsplitterbladestosimulatetheeffectsof
flows.Systematicalstudyofnumberanddistributionofvorticesis
conducted.15
CorrectAtheoreticalmethodforcalculatingtheinnerflow-fieldinacentrifugal
impellerwithsplitterbladesandaninvestigationoftheinteractions
betweenmainandsplitterbladesis(两个主语?
))presentedinthispaper.Thevortices
flows.Asystematicalstudyofthenumberanddistributionofvorticesis
IncorrectTheoretically,remanufacturingcouldfullytakeadvantageofresources
containedinEOFproducttherebyminimizingimpactonenvironmentto
thegreatestextentcomparedtolandfillorrecyclingofmaterials;
consequentlyitcontributesgreatlytoresourceconservation.16
CorrectTheoretically,remanufacturingcouldfullytakeadvantageofresources
containedinanEOF(L?
)producttherebyminimizingtheimpactonthe
environmenttothegreatestextentcomparedto(with)landfill(垃圾填埋)orrecycling(回收利用)ofmaterials;
consequentlyitcontributesgreatlytoresourceconservation.16
Definitions:
Articles:
Alsocalleddeterminersornounmarkers(名词标记),articlesarethewordsa,an,andthe.
Aandanareindefinitearticles(不定冠词),andtheisadefinitearticle(定冠词).
Articlessignalthatanounwillfollowandthatanymodifiers(修饰词语)betweenthearticleandthenounrefertothatnoun.(acold,metalchair/thelightning-fastcomputer).
Determiners:
Awordorwordgroup,traditionallyidentifiedasanadjective,thatlimitsa
nounbytellinghowmuchorhowmanyaboutit.(expressionofquantity,limiting
adjective,marker)Theytellwhetheranounisgeneral(atree)orspecific(thetree).The
isadefinitearticle.Beforeanoun,theconveys(表达)thattheknownreferstoaspecificitem(theplan).Aandanareindefinitearticles.Theyconveythatanounreferstoaniteminanonspecificorgeneralway(aplan).
Commonnouns(普通名词)Anounthatnamesageneralgroup,place,person,orthing:
dog,house.
Countnoun(可数名词)Anounthatnamesanitemoritemsthatcanbecounted:
radio,
streets,idea,fingernails.
Noncount(uncountable?
)nounsAnounthatnamesathingthatcannotbecounted:
water,time.
Specificnoun(专有名词)Anoununderstoodtobeexactlyandspecificallyreferredto;
usesthedefinitearticlethe.
Nonspecificnoun(非专有名词)Anounthatreferstoanyofanumberof(?
)identicalitems;
ittakestheindefinitearticlesa,an.
LongSentence
VerylongsentencesareespeciallycommoninChinese-Englishwritingbeca