Natti-Cultural-and-Ethical-Questions-自己总结版.doc
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Centrelink&Immigration
·http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_security_in_Australia（socialsecurity）
·
Thedifferencebetweensuperannuation（退休金）andagepension（养老金）
·Superannuationisthepartoffundsthatsetasidefromsalarythatbecomesavailableforemployeesinretirement.Itiscompulsoryforeveryemployeeandcountfor9.5%ofanemployee’ssalariesandwages.Peopleareencouragedtoputasideadditionalfundsintosuperannuation.
·Agepensionisdesignedas“safetynet”isdesignedtoprovidesafetynetforthosewhodonothaveenoughsuperannuationorotherfinancialresourcestoprovideanadequateretirementincome.Tobeeligibletoapplyagepension,applicantshavetobeabove65yearsold,andpassbothassetsandincometests.
·Superannuationguaranteecontribution（自治养老保障财政）.
WhatarethemaindifferenceinthesocialsecuritysystemprovidedbytheAustraliangovernmentandthegovernmentofonespecificcountrywhereyourlanguageisspoken?
·Socialsecurity,inAustralia,referstoasystemofsocialwelfarepaymentsprovidedbycommonwealthgovernment.ThesespaymentsareadministeredbyCentrelink（社会福利署）,abranchoftheDepartmentofHumanServices（澳大利亚公民服务部）.
NameonecustomormannerismfromaspecificcountrywhereyourlanguageisspokenwhichAustraliansfromadifferentculturalbackgroundmayfindoffensive.AlsogiveanexampleofanAustralianMannerismwhichpeopleinaparticularcountrywhereyourlanguageisspokenmayfindoffensive.Explain
Bereavementallowance（丧偶津贴）
Ashort-termincomesupportpaymentforsomeonewhosepartnerhasrecentlydiedandthepersonhasnotre-partneredyet.
Carerallowance（照顾者补助）
Anincomesupplementforcarerswhoprovideadditionaldailycareandattentionforsomeonewithadisabilityormedicalcondition,orwhoisfrailaged.
Carerpayment
Anincomesupportpaymentforpeoplewhopersonallyprovideconstantcareinthehomeofsomeonewithaseveredisability,illness,orwhoisfrailaged.
·Isgenerallypaidifachildrequirescarefor6monthsormore
ChildCareBenefit（儿童看管补贴）
Helpswithcostsforapprovedandregisteredcaresuchaslong,familyoroccasionaldaycare,outsideschoolhourcare,vacationcare,pre-schoolandkindergarten.
DoubleOrphanPension（父母双亡孤儿）
Helpwiththecostsofcaringfororphanedchildrenorchildrenwhoareunabletobecaredforbytheirparentsincertaincircumstances.
http:
//www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/centrelink/double-orphan-pension
FamilyTaxBenefit（家庭税收福利）
A2partpaymentthathelpswiththecostofraisingchildren–PartAandPartB.
·Tobeeligibletoapply,thefamilyneedstohaveadependentchildorsecondarystudentunder20notreceivinganypension,payment,orbenefitsuchasyouthallowance.
·Satisfyanincometest
·PartBgivesextratohelpsingleparentsandfamilieswithonemainincome
Youthallowance（青年者津贴）
Financialhelpforpeopleaged16to24yearswhoarestudyingfull-time,undertakingafull-timeAustralianApprenticeship,training,lookingforworkorsick.
·16-21àlookingforafull-timework
·18-24àundertakingfull-timestudy
·16-24àundertakingafull-timeAustralianapprenticeship
Maternityallowance（生育津贴）
ParentalLeavePay
Financialsupportforupto18weekstohelpeligibleparentstotaketimeoffworktocareforanewbornorrecentlyadoptedchild.
·Betheprimarycarer
·Meetthepaidparentalleaveworktest
·Meetthepaidparentalleaveincometest
·Beonleaveornotworkingfromthetimeyoubecomeyourchild’sprimarycareruntiltheendoftheperiod
Newstartallowance（新开始津贴）
Financialhelpifyouarelookingforwork
·Aged22yearsormorebutunderagepension
·Lookingforpaidwork
·Meetactivitytest
·Meetanincomeandassetstest
Centrelinkterms
Anaccesspoint
服务点
Activelylookforwork
积极寻找工作
Anactivityagreement
活动协议
Activitytest
活动测验
Activitytestrequirements
活动验证要求
Anadvancepayment
提前付款
Approvedvoluntarywork
认证的志愿者工作
Businessplandevelopment
商业计划发展
Businessskills
商业技能
Casemanagement
案件管理
Careercounseling
职业咨询
ACentrelinkCustomerServiceOffice
社会福利署客服办公室
ACentrelinkhomevisit
社会福利署家访
ACentrelinkreferencenum.
社会福利署参考号数
Communitysupportprogram
社区支持项目
Theemploymentmarket
就业市场
Anemploymentconsultant
就业咨询员
Anemploymentseparationcertificate
离职证明书
Fastaccess
快速获得
Filloutajobapplication
填写职业申请表
Fitforwork
可以工作的
Gainfulemployment
有报酬的工作
Incapacitytowork
无能工作
Anidentificationcard
身份证明
Jobmatching
工作匹配
Jobmatchingcomputersystems
匹配工作电脑系统
Jobnetwork
工作网络
Jobprospects
工作前景
Jobsearchactivities
找工作的相关活动
Jobskills
工作技能
Jobseeker
求职者
Literacyandnumeracytraining
识字和算术训练
Marketresearch
市场搜寻
Mentorsupport
导师支持
Newenterpriseincentivescheme
新企业激励方案
Recruit
招聘
Aresume
简历
Stopyourpayments
停止支付
Suitablepaidwork
适合的有偿工作
Takelegalaction
采取法律行动
Anunderpayment
缴付不足
Understateyourincome
低保收入
Avacancy
空缺
Volunteerinsurance
志愿者保险
Workforthedole
失业救济
Employment
Unions
公会
Annualleave
年假
Anannualsalary
年薪
Applyforajob
申请工作
Anapprenticeship
学徒
Bridgingtraining
交接培训
Acasualemployee
临时工
Aclosedshop
停止营业的
Collectivebargaining
谈判
Compensation
赔偿
Compo
工伤赔偿
Acontractofemployment
雇佣合同
Thecostofliving
生活费
ACV
Dayshift
白班
Dismissal
解雇
Thedole
失业救济金
Earlyshift
早班
Equalemploymentopportunity
平等就业机会
Flexibleworkinghours
弹性工作时间
Afortnight
每两周
Full-timework
全职工作
Industrialaction
劳工行动
Anindustrialdispute
争执
Industrialsafety
工业安全
Aninjury
损伤
Thejobmarket
就业市场
Jobprospects
就业前景
Ajobseeker
求职者
Ajobvacancy
职位空缺
Thelabourmarket
人力市场
Leaveentitlement
假期奖金
Leavepay
假期薪资
Maternityleave
产假
Netincome
净收入
Misconduct
管理不当
Semi-skilled
半熟练
Sickleave
病假
Semi-skilled
半熟练
Severancepay
解雇金
Doshiftwork
值班工作
Sickleave
病假
Signaworkplaceagreement
签一个工作同意书
Asuperannuationfund
退休基金
Aworkrelateddisability
工作导致的残疾
Noticeofdismissal
解雇通知
Anoccupation
职业
Socialwelfare
Adoption
收养
Abehaviorproblem
行为问题
Bereavement
Board
丧偶
Boardandlodgings
Abrokenhome
分裂的家庭
Childabuse
儿童虐待
Custody
监护权
Adefactorelationship
同居关系
Detain,holdincustody
扣留
Adetentioncenter/facility
拘留所
adivorce
离婚
Domesticviolence
家暴
Emergencyhelp
紧急帮助
Afamilycrisis
家庭危机
Financialassistance
经济支援
Financialhardship
经济困难
Ahelpline
帮助热线
Homevisits
家访
Incest
乱伦
Thechildren’scourt
儿童法庭
Thejuvenilecourt
青少年法庭
Juvenilecrime
青少年犯罪
Ajuvenileoffender
青少年犯罪
Amarriagebreakdown
婚姻破裂
Amentalbreakdown
精神崩溃
Aneglectedchild
被忽略的孩子
Anursinghome
养老院
Oldage
年老
Arefuge
难民
Respitecare
暂居照顾服务
Arestrainingorder
法院禁止令
Aretirementvillage
安老村
Aseparation
分离
Separatedunderoneroof
生活在同一个屋檐下分离
Asocialbackgroundreport
家庭背景报告
Asoleparent
单亲父母
Supportedaccommodation
支持的住宿
Workrelease
工作解除
1:
Tothatextenddoesthecompetenceofaninterpreterdependonanawarenessofthesocialandculturalbackgroundofclients.
Inaninterpretationprocess,manyfactorscancompromisethecommunicationincludingculturalbackgrounds,waysofthinking,normsofbehaviorsandcustoms.Therefore,tobeacompetentinterpreter,weshouldraiseinterculturalawarenesstoimproveinterpretationskills,toavoidunnecessarymisunderstandingsandconflicts.ItrequiresthatinterpretersareabletounderstandandcomprehendbothChineseandwesternculturestominimizeignoranceandprejudice.Accordingto“competence”inthecodeofconduct,interpretersandtranslatorsarefamiliarwithvariedcontexts,institutionalstructures,terminologyandgenresoftheareasinwhichtheyacceptwork.
2:
ExplainthedifferencebetweenMedicare（国民医保卡）andPrivateHealthInsurance（私人保险）.
·MedicareandprivatehealthinsurancearetwoofthemainhealthcareprogrammesavailableinAustralia,oneisthenationalprogrammeandtheotherconsistsofprivatehealthinsurancepolicies.
·Medicareistheuniversalhealthcaresystemofthegovernment,theexpenseaccountedforabout9.8%oftheGDP.ItprovidesbasichealthcaretoallAustraliancitizens,especiallythosebelongingtolowincomegroup.Butitdoesnotcovermanytypesofillnesses.
·Privatehealthinsurancereferstothoseboughtbypeoplefrominsurancecompaniestocoverthecostsoftreatmentforillnessesandmedicalemergenciesinfuture.Peopleunderprivateinsuranceareeligibletoapply30%discountonthecostoftreatmentinprivatehospitals.
3:
Explainthemeaningofmulticulturalism:
·InadescriptivesensemulticulturalissimplyatermwhichdescribestheculturalandethnicdiversityofcontemporaryAustralia.Multiculturalismhasbeenacontestedpolicyandconceptsinceitsintroductionin1970s.
·Culturalidentity:
therightofallAustralians,withincarefullydefinedlimits,toexpressandsharetheirindividualculturalheritage,includingtheirlanguageandreligion
·Socialjustice:
therightofallAustralianstoequalityoftreatmentandopportunity
·Economicefficiency:
theneedtomaintain,developandutilizeeffectivelytheskillsandtalentsofallAustralians,regardlessofbackground.
4:
WhataresomeofthedifferentvenuesavailableforpeopleseekingworkinAustralia?
·GovernmentorpublicagencyinchargeofemploymentatthenationallevelinAustraliaisCentrelink.ItprovidesadviceandinformationregardingworkinginAustraliaandcanbeusefulfornewarrivalstothecountry
·Onlineresources:
Australi
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