跨文化交流.docx

跨文化交流.docx

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跨文化交流

HowtoAdapttoaNewCulture

怎样去适应一种新的文化

YangtzeUniversity

November29

Acknowledgement

Therearealotofpeoplewhohelpmetocontributetothecompletionofthisthesis.

Firstly,mydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoTongJing,myteacherforherconstantencouragementandguidance.Shehasledmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherconsistentlyilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.

Secondly,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoalltheteachers,wholeadmeintotheworldofEnglish.Theyinstructedandhelpedmealotinthepastseveralyears.

Last,owemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

HowtoAdapttoaNewCulture

Student:

GuoLijuanInstituteofUrbanConstruction

Instructor:

TongJingInstituteofForeignLanguages

【Abstract】Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationandmoderntraffic,moreandmorepeoplechoosetogoabroad,someofthemforbusiness,learning,travelingandsoon.Mostofusmaybeveryfascinatedaboutallthenewthingsatthebeginning,butastimegoseby,theywillbeconfrontedwithmanydifferentproblemswhichiscalledcultureshock.Inordertofreefromsuchproblemsandquicklyadapttoanewculture,wemustknowasmuchasabouttheculturedifferencesbetweeneastandwestfirst,thenweshouldbereadytotacklecultureshockandtakesomemeasurestohelpusadapttoanewculture.

【KeyWords】culturedifferences;cultureshock;measures;adapttoanewculture

怎样去适应一直新的文化

学生:

郭丽娟城市建设学院

指导老师:

童菁外国语学院

【摘要】随着经济全球化以及现代交通的发展,越来越多的人选择走出国门去看看外面的世界,他们中的一些人是为了经商、学习、旅游或其他目的而出去。

大部分人起初对外面世界的新鲜事物感到非常的好奇和迷恋,然而,随着时间的流逝,他们会慢慢的遇到很多这样或者是那样的问题,这就是我们经常所说的文化冲击。

为了远离诸如此类的问题以及更好的适应新的环境,首先,我们必须了解足够多的关于中西文化差异的相关知识,其次我们应该积极做好应对文化冲击的准备并且采取相应的措施去让我们更好地适应新的文化。

【关键字】文化差异;文化冲击;措施;适应新的文化

Contents

Abstract（English）……………………………………………………………………I

Abstract（Chinese）…………………………………………………………………...

Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1

ChapterOneTheDifferencesBetweenEastandWest...……………………........2

ChapterTwoBeReadyToTackleCultureShock............................................…....3

ChapterThreeHowtoadapttoanewculture…………....………………………..5

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...6

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………....7

Introduction

Doyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting?

Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun?

Certainly,itisanewexperience,whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom.Inspiteoftheseadvantages,however,therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter.Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththedifferentbeliefs,norms,valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries,youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou.Soyoumustknowhowtoadapttoanewculture.First,weshouldknowasmuchaspossibleaboutthedifferencesbetweeneastandwest,thenwemustbereadytotacklecultureshock,whichgenerallyhasfouressentialstages,andsomepracticalmeasuresshouldbetakentohelpyouadapttonewculturelast.

ChapterOneTheDifferencesBetweenEastandWest

Asweallknow,thecultureintheeastandthatinthewestareverydifferent.

Invaluejudgment,easternersholdthevalueofcollectivismwhilewesternersholdthevaluesofindividualism.Asthewayofthinking,westernpeoplethinkmoredirectly,buttheeasternpeoplemoreobliquely.Sowhilesolveaproblem,westernerswouldsolveitinaquitedirectwaywhileeasternerswouldmorelikelytodetour.Meanwhile,easternerswouldshowtheiremotionsandopinioninamoretactfulwaythanwesternerswhoshowthemoutdirectly.Andformodeoflife,westernerspreferlivebytheirownwhileeasternerspreferliveingroups.Whentalkingaboutinterpersonalrelationship,westernershavemuchmoresimplyinterpersonalrelationshipthaneasterners.Inweddingculture,Westernweddingispureromantic,andChinaishappywedding;Westernweddingisfeelingvalued,andChinavaluestheceremony.

Alsotheyaremanydifferencesindietcustomandteachingsystem.IwillsetexamplesofChinaandAmerica.ItisnodoubtthatitisatraditiontousechopsticksforChinese.ButpeopleinAmericaprefertoforksandknives.Thisdifferentresultisbasedondifferentfoodtheyarelike.Americanschoosetoeatbeefsteak,bread,andsalad,whileChinesepeoplechoosenoodles,pancakesandrice.Whatismore,thecustomofdrinkingteainChinaanddrinkingcoffeeinAmericaarestandoutparticularly.However,thereisatrendthatthefoodinbothcountrieshasbeenmixture.Forexample,thecoffeeandbreadhaveintroducedtoChina.ThefamousKFCisverypopularatchildren.

ThegapofteachingsystembetweenChinaandAmericaisbig.Chinesestudentsalwayscomplainabouttheirhomework.Toomuchhomeworkhaslimitedthetimetoexerciseandrelax.Theyhavetorecitemanythingsastogetahighmark.Homeworkcomesthefirsttothem.

Inmyopinion,thestudyinAmericaismoreinteresting.Teacherspayattentionstotrainingstudents’skillsinthinkinginrealisticlifenottoemphasisontheimportanceofmemories.Inaaddition,therateofgoingtoschool,thesalaryofteaching,andthejobofgraduatesarequitedifferent,too.IshouldsaythatChinagovernmentshouldmakegreateffortstoimproveitsteachingsystem.Iamalsoexpecttobeoneday,theWestgivemorecheerstoourcountry.

“Cultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.”

Itisinevitablethattheculturaldifferencehasimpactonbusiness.Forexample,whenacompanyishavingmeeting,theword“table”theymentioninAmericanEnglishmeanstoputsomethingontheagenda,butinBritishEnglishitmeanstoputsomethingofftheagenda.Thisexampleindicatedhowthecultureaffectsthebusiness.

ChapterTwoBeReadytoTackleCultureShock

Cultureshockisaconditionthataffectspeoplewhotraveltoacountrydifferentfromtheirown.Thetermdescribesatraveler'sfeelingsofbewildermentwhentheenvironmentandculturechangefromtheonethatheorsheisfamiliarwith.Theunfamiliarsurroundings,foreignlanguageandstrangehabitsofanewcountrycanallcontributetoafeelingofuneasinessandconfusion.

ItisnotonlythosewhotravelandliveabroadwhogetCultureshock.Anychangeinsurroundingscanbringaboutthesefeelings.Ifapersonleaveshomeforthefirsttimeandgoestocollege,forexample,thenthenewenvironmentandnewexperiencesmaybeashocktothesystem.

Althoughcultureshockisastateofmind,itcanresultinmanysymptoms,bothphysicalandmental.Anyonewhohasmovedfromhomeforthefirsttimeortoanewcityisprobablyfamiliarwiththeimmediatefeelingofbewildermentandsometimesloss.Sadnessandloss,howevertemporary,areonlynaturalwhenlivinginanewplacefarfromhome.Themindneedstimetofamiliarizeitselfwithnewsurroundingsandnewwaysoflife.

Somepeopleexperiencephysicalsymptomsaswell.Theymayfeelillorsufferfromsleeplessnessormoodswings.Althoughhomesicknessisconsideredastateofmind,itcanbringaboutsymptomssuchasirritabilityandashorttemperwhenconfrontedwithconfusionoveranewculture.

Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock.

Thefirststageiscalled"thehoneymoon".Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace,andeverythingseemstobemarvelous.Youlikeeverything,andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.Also,theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending.

Eventually,however,thesecondstageofcultureshockappears.Thisis"thehostilitystage".Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas.Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.Moreover,peopledon'ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful,andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired.

Usuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture,youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock.Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled"repression".Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou.Anothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled"regression".Thisoccurswhenyoustarttoactasifyouareyoungerthanyouactuallyare;youactlikeachild.Youforgeteverything,andsometimesyoubecomecarelessandirresponsible.Thethirdkindofdefensemechanismiscalled"isolation".Youwouldratherbehomealone,andyoudon'twanttocommunicatewithanybody.Withisolation,youtrytoavoidtheeffectsofcultureshock,oratleastthat'swhatyouthink.Isolationisoneoftheworstcopingmechanismsyoucanusebecauseitseparatesyoufromthosethingsthatcouldreallyhelpyou.Thelasttypeofdefensemechanismiscalled"rejection".Withthiscopingmechanism,youthinkyoudon'tneedanybody.Youfeelyouarecopingfinealone,soyoudon'ttrytoaskforhelp.

Thedefensemechanismsyouutilizeinthehostilitystagearenothelpful.Ifyouonlyoccasionallyuseoneofthesecopingmechanismstohelpyourselfsurvive,thatisacceptable.Youmustbecautious,however.Thesemechanismscanreallyhurtyoubecausetheypreventyoufrommakingnecessaryadjustmentsto