版高考英语江浙版一轮讲义专题十七概要写作Word版含答案 1Word格式文档下载.docx

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3.概要文章上下文的连贯性

4.对各要点表达的独立性情况

提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要

分析解读

概要写作也是一种全新的题型。

根据高考综合改革试验区英语科考试说明,写作的第二节是读后续写或概要写作。

两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。

近三次的考试中均没有采用概要写作,因此,今后出现概要写作的机会将大大增加。

概要写作是综合性的写作考查。

要求考生首先对原文章有准确的理解,对原文的结构和要点有准确的把握,然后再用准确、丰富的语言以及高级的语法结构,用合适的连词写出包含所有要点的短文。

所以,考生要想做好本题,就必须注意以下几点:

（1）准确理解文章。

（2）把握文章的各个要点。

（3）使用准确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连词。

（4）使用自己的语言表述,不要抄原文中的句子。

【命题探究】

　　（考试说明样题）

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstobl

ockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdir

tinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

Thoughthebeliefinthemerit（好处）ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientifically

speaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:

clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

命题解读

1.概要写作的命题选材以说明文和议论文为主。

考试说明所给的样题即是一篇科普知识类的文章。

2.文章结构清楚,文字比较书面化,句子结构较复杂。

文章约300词。

难度较大,其难度高于阅读理解的文章。

文章第一段就点出主题,即人们对污物的态度并不一致。

第二段讲述在16世纪初的时候,人们认为皮肤上的污垢对健康有好处,为此人们连澡都不洗。

第三段讲从18世纪开始,科学证明清除身体上的污垢对健康有好处。

最后一段讲一个免疫学家鼓励孩子们在尘土中玩耍以增强免疫系统。

文章共有4段,各段的主旨非常清楚。

这样的文章,概括出要点还是很容易的。

考试说明所给的范文正是从这几个方面进行概括的。

3.文章的段落一般不会有明确的主题句,需要考生去归纳。

思路点拨

1.读懂原文是关键。

在写概要之前,一定要对文章认真阅读,确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结构、各段的段意。

在阅读文章的时候,要善于发现核心词和高频词。

这些词汇是概要写作的基础和核心。

　　Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫学家）,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter（后者）positionisgainingsomeground.

考试说明范文

Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（要点1）Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.（要点2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要点3）However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.（要点4）

　　2.以自然段为概括的基础。

以自然段为基础概括会帮助我们不遗漏信息,也能帮助判断主要信息。

当然,以自然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然段一定是一个要点。

有时几个自然段说明一个要点。

有时也有一个自然段包含数个要点。

3.细节信息不需要过于详细。

细节性的信息如列举数字,举例,过渡句等信息不必一一列出。

4.核心词不必替换。

核心词是文章的心脏,一般不宜换成其他词。

5.使用正确的时态。

概要写作的体裁一般是说明文和议论文,因此一般的概括都要用一般时或完成时,或将来时。

慎用过去时。

6.写作时句式的多样化。

概要写作书面化程度比较高,因此可以酌情选择使用从句、非谓语等结构,但句子结构不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂的句子结构。

7.扩充词汇量。

尤其要注意积累同根词的不同形式。

用不同词性的同根词替代原词是概要写作的重要手段。

8.使用多种句式转换。

如:

主动被动的互换,反向转换（主语和宾语互换）,从句和非谓语动词的转换等。

【三年模拟】

模拟题组

Writing1（2018宁波十校一模）

Atypicalliontamer（驯兽师）inpeople􀆳

smindisanentertainerholdingawhip（鞭子）andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butit􀆳

smostlyforshow.Inreality,it􀆳

sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion􀆳

sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.

Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?

Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve（e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore）—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?

Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan􀆳

tfocusorthatwe􀆳

refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.

Itdoesn􀆳

thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:

Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoaccomplish,someoneyouwanttobecome...takeimmediateaction.Ifyou􀆳

reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.

答案

【写作提示】

1.本文是一篇议论文,如果有太多的目标,我们就会迷茫,反而不知所措。

因此,正确的做法是集中注意力于我们真正的目标。

2.文章四段,每段一个要点。

这是概要写作的一般原则。

3.文章第一段比较难懂。

一定要认真阅读。

【参考范文】

Whatreallymattersinaliontamingisthechair,whichconfusesthelionbythefourlegs.（要点1）Sodopeopleinthefaceoftoomanyoptions.（要点2）Wearealwayspreventedfrommakingprogressbecausewecan􀆳

tmakesoundchoicesbeforetheconflictinginformation.（要点3）Soifyouwanttobesuccessful,focusononethingandgetstartedquickly.（要点4）

Writing2（2018绍兴考前适应性联考）

China􀆳

sbike-sharinghasexplodedfromnothingaboutayearagointoatransportphenomenoninmajorcities.JustbyscanningtheQRcode（二维码）thatappearsbehindtheseat,onecanunlockasharedbicycle.Oncetheservicehasfinished,theuserblocksthebikeandthetotalischargedtohismobileaccount.Theprocesslastslessthan30secondsandcostsnomorethanonepenny.Bytheway,therearestillnofixedplacestofindorleaveabike,althoughareassuchasuniversitycampus,andmetroorbusstationarepreferred.

Manyyoungpeoplebelievesharedbicycleshavemanyadvantages.Theyarenotexpensivetorent,theydonothavetobeprotectedfromthieves,andthereisnoneedtorepairthem.Youjusthavetochangethemforanotherone.Theyarealsoenvironmentfriendlyandlowertheuseofcars,whichalsohelpstorelievetraffic.Infact,itisconsideredanawesomecombinationoftechnologyandtradition.

Sincetheyappeared,sharedbicycleshaveraisedalotofdust.Thereisnodoubtaboutthebenefitsbutthedisadvantagescannotbeignored.Manyproblemsrelatedtosharedbicycleshaveemerged.Itisnotonlyduetobadbehaviorfromsomeuserswhoalwayswanttoseizethebicycles,butalsobecauseofthemessthathasbeencreatedsinceonecanleavethebicycleanywhere,whichisagainstpublicurbanordermanagement.Therearesomanypoorlyparkedbikesthatsometimestheyendupblockingstreets.

InXiLuoyuan,Beijing,the“CivilizedUseofBicycles”campaignhasbeenlaunched.Inadditiontohaving40officiallypermittedstops,therearealsoclearsignalstoleaduserstothesestops.Ateamofsupervisorskeeporderinthearea.Thisisthefirstareathatispartofanofficialsystemtomanagebicycles.ThepurposeofthiscampaignistosolvethemessthatthepopularityofsharedbicyclesiscausinginBeijing,bothwiththeparticipationofcompaniesandtheusers.IfthepilotplanworksoutwellinXiLuoyuan,itwillbeextendedtoallofthecitiesinChina.

本文是一篇议论文。

文章论述了共享自行车的优劣,并提供了北京解决共享自行车的措施,希望能提供一些有益的经验。

文章结构清楚。

以自然段为基础概括要点。

ssharedbicyclesaregainingpopularitywiththepublicasacheapandconvenienttransportoption.（要点1）Theadvantagesofitalsoincludeprovidingpeopleanenvironmentfriendlylifebyrelievingtrafficandreducingpollution.（要点2）However,thebadbehaviorofsomeusersandthemesstheycausealsoleadtosomeproblems.（要点3）Beijinghaslaunchedacampaigntoregulatebike-parking,whichwillhopefullysetagoodexampletotherestofChina.（要点4）

Writing3（2018宁波选考联盟12校考前模拟）

Advertisingplaysamajorroleinthecompetitivebusinessworld.Manyindustriestakeadvantageofthepowerofadvertisingtoattractortowincustomersawayfromtheirbusinesscompetitors.Theinfluenceofadvertisingissohugethatitcausesmanypeopletobuythingsthattheydon􀆳

twantatthestart.

Advertisingencouragespeopletobuythingstheydon􀆳

twantthroughmisleadingideas.Advertisingisproventobeasuccessfultooltostressthefeaturesoftheirproducttothepubliceventhoughit􀆳

sregardedundesirablesuchascigarettes,drugs,alcoholandsoon.Forexample,Dunhill,acigarettecompanywhichsponsorsmanyfootballteams,seemstobepromotingcigarettestothepublic.Withoutthesponsorship,thecompanywillbelessknowntothepublic,resultinginfewersalesofcigarettes.

Besidesthat,advertisinghasalargeinfluenceonthedecisionsmadebythepeopleintheireverydaylife.Manybusinessesuseadvertisingasaformofpromotingtocreateawarenessabouttheirproductinthemarket.Forinstance,inafastfoodindustry,theintroductionofanewflavorofburgerneedsadvertisingtoreachthepublicwhiletheotherburgersrequireadvertisingtoincreasesales.Children,especially,areeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisementsandwillhavethedesiretodineatfastfoodrestaurantsafterthat.Althoughfastfoodisbadforhealth,ithassuccessfullybecomeappealingtothepublicthroughadvertising.

However,advertisingplaysapartinhelpingcustomerstocompareaproductintermsofprice,quality,reliabilityandsoon.Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthinessofaproduct.Forexample,advertisementspublishedbyvariouscompanieshavegiventhecustomerstheopportunitytochoosewiselywhenpurchasinganitem.Withoutthepowerofadvertising,customerswillbestucktoabrandwhichmaynotofferthebestchoice.

本文论述了广告在我们生活中的优点和不足。

以段落概括要点,注意抓住要点,一些细节的举例可以省略。

Advertisingcontributesalottoacompanyinthecompetitivebusinessworld.（要点1）Itpersuadespeopleintobuyingthingstheydon􀆳

treallyneedwiththemethodofoverstressingthefeaturesoftheirproducts.（要点2）Byraisingtheawarenessoftheproducts,ithasremarkableeffectsonpeople􀆳

sdecisions.（要点3）Nevertheless,itprovidespeoplewithnecessaryinformationabouttheproducts,allowingpeopletocomparethemandmakeabetterchoice.（要点4）

Writing4（2018台州一模）

Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldbemakingthemostofitinourlivestoday.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapists（治疗师）forinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesofmedicaltreatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleevenbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfromthe“vibrations（震动）”thatcolorgivesoff.

Companiesusecolortoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethem