Reading and ThinkingComprehendingWord文档下载推荐.docx

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（节选自译林版新教材必修第三册Unit4）

1．credit/'

kredIt/n．赞扬，认可；

信用

2．intellectual/ˌIntə'

lektʃuəl/adj.脑力的；

有才智的，智力发达的n．知识分子，脑力劳动者

3．letsb.down使某人失望

4．ignorance/'

Iɡnərəns/n．无知

5．asto关于；

至于

6．takeitforgranted/'

ɡrɑːntId/想当然地认为；

认为……是理所当然

7．authority/ɔː'

θɒrəti/n．权威，权力；

官方

8．declare/dI'

kleə（r）/vt.宣称；

宣布；

申报

1．Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone：

scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.

科学有价值的第一种方式为每个人所熟悉：

科学知识使我们能够做各种事并创造各种各样的东西。

[句式分析]　此句中含有inwhich引导的定语从句，修饰先行词thefirstway；

enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事。

2．Now，wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.

现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。

[句式分析]　此句中第一个it是形式宾语，从句thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow是真正的宾语。

PeriodOne　ReadingandThinking—Comprehending

LearningAims（学习目标）

1．Learnsomenewwords.

2．Graspthegeneralideaofthepassage.（重点难点）

3．Learnsomeimportantsentences.（重点难点）

阅读下列课文原句，写出黑体词汇的汉语意思

1．However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.最终地；

彻底地

2．Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.感染细菌；

病菌同意；

赞同

3．ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet（especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38，and40）．数量多的

4．Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.怀疑把……归咎于

5．ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts，watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater，andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.大量的减少

6．Moreover，inhisuseofmapsandstatistics，Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.统计数字使改观

Task1　宏观架构　整体理解

Ⅰ.Readthepassagequicklyandthenfillintheblanks.

Ⅱ.ThemainideaofthepassageisthatJohnSnowdidsomescientificresearchandhelpedtodefeat“KingCholera”．

Task2　微观剖析　细节把握

1．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?

A．Badaircausedthedisease.

B．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.

D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.

答案　B

2．WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow’sdiscovery?

A．Thegovernment.

B．ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.

C．Thewatercompany.

D．Themapmadebyhimself.

答案　D

3．Atlast，“KingCholera”wascontrolledby.

A．usingmedicinesinhospital

B．drivingpatientsoutofthecountry

C．dealingwiththepollutedwater

D．gettingridofallkindsofpollution

答案　C

4．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?

A．Choleragermsmultipliedinthewater.

B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.

D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.

5．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A．Anewspaper.B．Amedicalreport.

C．Abookreview.D．ATVinterview.

答案　A

Task3　文本理解　美句欣赏

1．Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestodescribethemoodofsadness.（细读短文并找出描写悲伤心理的句子）

Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.

2．Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestoshowdetermination.（细读短文并找出表达决心的句子）

（1）Heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.

（2）Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.

Task4　读后升华　思维品质

Ⅰ.Afterreadingthepassage，pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.

Intheearly19thcentury,1.whenaseverecholerahitEurope，JohnSnowbecame2.frustrated（frustrate）becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.3.Butheneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Snowsubscribedtothetheorythatcholera4.wascaused（cause）byan5.infection（infect）fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowbeganby6.marking（mark）onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.As7.aresult，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater8.carried（carry）choleragerms.9.Accordingly（according），hehadthehandleofthepump10.removed（remove）sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention，thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

Ⅱ.Discussion

HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?

Snow’sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink，forexample，aswellasanemphasisonhygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybecomedirty.Healsoshowedhowtopreventcholeraepidemics，andtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases，whichhasallowedformoreprotectionfromoncecommondiseasessuchascholera.

译文：

他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天之内就有500多人死亡。

事实是宽街水泵抽上来的水已经被废弃物污染了。

一些公司出售的水来自被未经处理的废物污染的泰晤士河。

课时跟踪练一

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

DearEditor，

Pleasepublishmorearticlesaboutwomenscientists.Womenscientistshavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworld.Thesewomenmakeexcellentrolemodels.MoreyoungwomenmaychoosescienceasaprofessionifwomenreadfeaturedarticlesonfemalescientistslikeMarieCurieandRachelCarson.Bothwomenwereencouragedtostudyscience，andtheybothaccomplishedgreatthings.

Withherfather’sencouragement，MarieCuriemadetheworldabetterplacethroughherscientificaccomplishments.Shestudiedtheemission（放射）ofraysfromuranium（铀），afeatureshecalled“radioactivity（放射性）”．Later，Curieandherhusband，alsoascientist，processedthemineralpitchblendebeforeseparatingtworadioactiveelements（元素）．Withthisdiscovery，MarieCurieearnedherdoctorate，andshortlythereafter，bothsheandherhusbandwereawardedthe1903NobelPrizeinphysics.In1911MarieCuriewontheNobelPrizeinchemistryforherworkwiththenewlydiscoveredelements;

thisworklaidthefoundationforX-raysandatomicphysics.

WhenRachelCarsonwasyoung，hermotherencouragedhertostudynature.Asanadult，shebecameknownasthemotherofthemodernenvironmentalmovement.Afterstudyingmarinebiologyandzoologyincollege，Carsonworkedasagovernmentscientistandwroteseveralbooksonhowalllivingthingsrelatetoeachother.In1951herbookTheSeaAroundUsmadescientificknowledgeabouttheseaaccessibletothegeneralreaderandremainedonthebest-sellerlistforeighty-sixweeks.In1962CarsonwroteSilentSpring，abookthathelpedleadtoimprovementsintheuseofchemicalpesticides（农药）．

HumanshavebenefitedgreatlyfromtheworkofMarieCurieandRachelCarson.Whatifthesewomenhadnotbeenencouragedtobecomescientists?

Ibelievethatweneedtoencourageyoungwomentoenterthefieldofscience.Withthatgoalinmind，Isincerelyhopeyourmagazinecanpublishmorearticlesaboutthecontributionsthatwomentaketoscience.

Sincerely，

AnnieBastien，Grade7

CapistranoMiddleSchool

语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。

作者在信中建议杂志编辑多刊登一些关于女性科学家的文章，以鼓励更多女性从事科学事业。

1．Accordingtothetext，MarieCurie.

A．achievedsuccesswithherfather’shelp

B．separatedtworadioactiveelementsalone

C．madecontributionstothestudyofX-rays

D．wontheNobelPrizetwicewithherhusband

解析　细节理解题。

由第二段最后一句中的“thisworklaid...atomicphysics”可知，玛丽·

居里的工作为研究X射线和原子物理学奠定了基础。

故选C。

2．WhatcanwelearnaboutRachelCarson?

A．Shewasaphysicistandchemist.

B．Herbookshadagreatinfluenceonthepublic.

C．Shewasinspiredbyherfathertobecomeascientist.

D．Herroleasanenvironmentalistwasrarelyknownbypeople.

由倒数第二段最后两句可知，雷切尔·

卡逊所著的两本书对大众都产生了很大的影响。

故选B。

3．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A．Sheaimstobecomeascientist.

B．Shelikesreadingandwritingstories.

C．Shehasagreatinterestinwomenscientists.

D．Shewantstopublisharticlesinthemagazine.

解析　推理判断题。

由最后一段最后一句可知，作者对女性科学家的故事很感兴趣。

B

BrianGreene，aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity，hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout，andthen“bringyo