TPO28 听力解析.docx

TPO28 听力解析.docx

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TPO28听力解析

TPO28听力解析

Section1

Conversation1

1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.CriticismsofDewey’spoliticalphilosophy

B.Methodsforleadingadiscussiongroup

C.Recentchangesmadetoareferencedocument

D.Problemswiththeorganizationofapaper

答案：

D

解析：

（0.26-0.48）Professor:

Solet’sgetstarted.YourpaperonJohnDewey’spoliticalphilosophyhasafewissuesIliketocover.Yougetgreatbiographicalsketchesinthebeginning.OK,butthenyougettohispoliticalphilosophy.Idon’tthinkyouhavedoneenoughtosituatehisphilosophywithinthetimeperiod.Inotherwords,youhaven’tconnectedhisphilosophytothethinkingofotherintellectualsofthetime.

教授说学生的paper并没有很好的将J.D的政治哲学与同时代其他知识分子的哲学所联系起来，也就是paper的organization有问题

2.Whyisthestudentlateforhismeeting?

A.Seeingthedoctorlongerthanexpected

B.Nonearbyparkingspaceswhereavailable

C.Hissoccerpracticelastedlongerthanusual

D.Hehadproblemsprintinghispaper

答案：

A

解析：

（0.12-0.22）Student:

I’msosorryI’mlateProfessorMills.Ihavejustbeentostudents’medicalcenter.Ipushedmyankleplayingsoccerthismorning.IttakeslongerthanIexpectedtoseethedoctor.

同义转换

3.Whatrevisiondoesthestudentneedtomaketohispaper?

（clickon3answers）

A.DescribetheinfluencesonDeweyinmoredetail

B.Expandtheintroductorybiographicalsketch

C.Removeunnecessarycontentthroughoutthepaper

D.Useconsistentreferencesthroughoutthepaper

E.AddanexplanationofDewey’sviewonindividuality

答案：

A，C，D

解析：

（0.48-0.56）Student:

SoIhaven’tcatchthemostcriticalinfluences,theinfluencesthatweremostsignificanttohispoliticalthinking?

Professor:

Exactly.

（1.30-1.50）Professor:

Yes,revised.Letmeask,whenyoufinishedwriting,didyougobackandaskyourselfifallthematerialwasrelevant?

Student:

Well.no.

Professor:

Idothinkthereareareasthatcanbecut.IguesswhatIamsayingisyourparagraphsarereallypresentinginlogicalorder.Thedirectionofyourargumentisnotcrystal-clear,andthereissomeunnecessarymaterialgettingintheway.

（2.13-2.30）Professor:

Itlookslikeyougethavemixedupwithanotherreferencesystem.

Student:

Oh,yeah.Iusedsomethingdifferentinhighschool.It’ssoconfusingwhenswitchingtoanewsystem.

Iknow.Butremember,everythingneedstobeconsistentwhencomestoreferencing.It’saveryimportantacademicconvention.

教授认为学生的paper没有描述对Dewey政治思考最重要的影响，应该添加，对应A选项。

教授认为paper的reference不够consistent，来自于不同的systems，对应D选项

paper中有不必要的材料，应该被cut，对应C选项

4.Whydoestheprofessormentionthepoliticalscienceclub?

A.Toencouragethestudenttorunforclubpresident

B.TopointoutthatJohnDeweywasamemberofasimilarclub

C.Tosuggestanactivitythatmightinterestthestudent

D.Toindicatewherethestudentcangethelpwithhispaper

答案：

C

解析：

（2.32-2.47）Professor:

Oh,also,Iwanttoaskyou,willyoubeinthepoliticalscienceclubmeetingSaturday?

Student:

Definitely,thetopicisJohnDewey.

Professor:

Yes.Areyouinterestedinmeetingpartofthediscussion?

Tomislookingsomeonetohelpout.Ithinkyouhavealottocontribute.

Student:

Thatwillbefun.I’llgivethemacall.

教授问对讨论会感兴趣吗，对应C选项

5.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?

A.Tofindouthowmanydraftsthestudentwrote

B.Toencouragethestudenttoreviewhisownwork

C.Toemphasizetheneedforthestudenttofollowtheguidelines

D.Toproposeadifferentsolutiontotheproblem

答案：

B

解析：

重听部分：

Letmeask,whenyoufinishedwriting,didyougobackandaskyourselfifallthematerialwasrelevant?

教授问学生在完成写作后有没有回去重新看看材料是否都有关联，即reviewhisownwork

Lecture1

6.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?

A.TheimportanceofLocke’sviewstomodernphilosophicalthought

B.HowDescartes’viewofknowledgeinfluencedtrendsinWesternphilosophy

C.Howtwophilosophersviewedfoundationalknowledgeclaims

D.Thedifferencebetweenfoundationalismandmethodologicaldoubt

答案：

C

解析：

lecture一直在讲foundationalism，Locke和Descartes，对应的也就是twophilosophers和foundationknowledgeclaims

7.Whydoestheprofessormentionahouse?

A.Toexplainanideaabouttheorganizationofhumanknowledge

B.ToIllustratetheunreliabilityofourperceptionofphysicalobjects

C.Toclarifythedifferencebetweentwopointsofviewaboutthebasisofhumanknowledge

D.ToremindstudentsofapointhemadeaboutDescartesinapreviouslecture

答案：

A

解析：

（0.44-1.08）Takeknowledgeasahouse,youneedasolidfoundationonwhichyoubuildyourhouse.Andifyouhaveastrongfoundation,yourhouseismorelikelytobesolid.Well,foundationaliststhinkthesamethingistrueofknowledge.Ifyouhaveasolidbaseforyourknowledgeclaims,thenyourknowledgestructureismorelikelytobestrong.Well,true.

professor说foundationalists认为如果有solidbaseforknowledge，那么structure（对应选项中的organizationofhumanknowledge）也会更strong，与修建房子同理，对应A选项

8.WhatdidLockebelievetobethemostbasictypeofhumanknowledge?

A.Knowledgeofone’sownexistence

B.Knowledgeacquiredthroughthesenses

C.Knowledgehumansarebornwith

D.Knowledgepasseddownfrompreviousgenerations

答案：

B

解析：

（1.34-2.01）Professor:

Locke’viewpointessentiallyiswhenhumanswereborn,theirmindswerelikeblankslakes.Thatis,wedon’thaveanykindofknowledgewhenwewereborn.Wegetourknowledgefromoursenses,youknow,taste,touch,smile,sighthearing.Sowhenwelookattheworld,firstisthebaby’s,thenaswegrow,that’swhereourknowledgecomesfrom.Oursenses,ourexperiencesserveasthefoundationforourknowledge.

foundation对应题干中的basictypeofknowledge，Locke认为这些基础知识来自于人对外界的感知，也就是senses

9.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatwasDescartes’purposeforusingmethodologicaldoubt?

A.Todiscoverwhatcanbeconsideredfoundationalknowledgeclaims.

B.Tochallengethephilosophicalconceptoffoundationalism

C.Toshowthatone’sexistencecannotbeproven

D.TodemonstratethatLocke’sviewswereessentiallycorrect

答案：

A

解析：

（2.14-2.28）Professor:

Descartesthoughtyoumustgotomuchdeepertofindfoundations.Hebelievedoursensesarenottobetrusted.Sohewantedtofindamoresolidfoundationforknowledge.Hebeganwithwhatcomestobecalledmethodologicaldoubt.

Descartes认为需要gomuchdeeper（对应discover）tofindfoundations（对应foundationalknowledgeclaims），对应了选项A

10.ForDescartes,whatwasthesignificanceofdreaming?

A.Hebelievedthathisbestideascametohimindreams

B.Heregardeddreamingasthestrongestproofthathumanexists.

C.Dreamingsupportshiscontentionthatrealityhasmanyaspects

D.Dreamingillustrateswhyhumanexperienceofrealitycannotalwaysbetrusted

答案：

D

解析：

（3.02-3.11）Professor:

SounlikeJohnLocke,Descartesdoubtthatknowledgecomesfromsenses.Hepointsoutthatatsometimeoranothereveryoneisdeceivedbyitssenses.

（4.25-4.44）Wecouldbedreaming.Andthere’sreallynogoodwaytoprovewearenot.Sothecommonsensepictureofrealitythattheworldreallyiswhatitlookstous.Descartesshowsitcannotjustbeasassumedastobetruebeyondalldoubt.Hedoesitbytalkingaboutillusions.Andalso,byarguingthatwecouldbedreaming.

lecture中教授提高笛卡尔认为人可能被experience或者sensedeceived..也就是experiencecannotbetrusted，笛卡尔认为我们所感受到的reality也可能是我们在dreaming，不一定是真正的reality

11.AccordingtoDescartes,whattypeofbeliefshouldserveasafoundationforallotherknowledgeclaims?

A.Abeliefthatisconsistentwithwhatoneseesandhears

B.Abeliefthatmostotherpeopleshare

C.Abeliefthatonehasheldsincechildhood

D.Abeliefthatcannotbefalse

答案：

D

解析：

（4.54-5.12）Professor:

ToeventhinkIdoubtthatIexist,youhavetoexist.AndsowhatDescarteshasdoneistofindatleastonethingthathecanbecertainofhesaysIexist.Andthat’sthestart.Andotherknowledge,hetellsus,canbebasedonthatfoundation.

笛卡尔认为作为知识基础的一定是他可以确信存在的，也就是abeliefthatcannotbefalse

Lecture2

12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?

A.Toshowthatsomebirdshavecognitiveskillssimilartothoseofprimates

B.Toexplainhowthebrainsofcertainprimatesandbirdsevolved

C.Tocomparedifferentteststhatmeasurethecognitiveabilitiesofanimals

D.Todescribeastudyoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandcognitiveabilities

答案：

A

解析：

（0.17-0.22）Professor:

Todaywe’regoingtotalkaboutparticularcognitiveabilitysomeanimalseemtohave.

（1.50-）Nowithasbeenassumedthatprimatesandsomeothermammalsstoodaloneatthetopofhighercognitiveevolution.Butrecently,birds,havebeenfoundpossesssomeofthesamecognitiveabilities.

在开头教授就讲要讨论某种动物有的认识能力，在开头偏后又明确提出要讨论鸟的能力，并且是何primates相类似的能力

13.Whengivingmagpiesthemirrormarktest,whydidresearchersplacethemarkonthemagpies’throats?

A.Throatmarkingstriggeraggressivebehaviorinothermagpies

B.Throatmarkingsareextremelyrareinmagpies.

C.Magpiescannotseetheirownthroatswithoutlookinginamirror.

D.Magpiescannoteasilyremoveamarkformtheirthroats.

答案：

C

解析：

（2.55Professor:

AsIsaid,,magpiesarecorvids,andbecausecorvidshavetheseothercognitiveskills,researcherswanttoseeiftheywerealsocapableofmirror-selfrecognition,sotheygivethemamirrormarktest,placingayellowstickeronthebird’sblackthroats.Atfirst,themagpiesonlyengageinthesamesocialbehaviorsthatotheranimalsdo,lookingbehindthemirror,buteventuallysomeofthebirds,whilelookinginthemirror,catch

14.Accordingtotheprofessor,somecorvidsareknowntohidetheirfood.Whatpossiblereasondoessheprovideforthisbehavior?

（clickon2answers）

A.Theyareensuringthattheywillhavefoodtoeatatalaterpointintime

B.Theywanttokeeptheirfoodinasinglelocationthattheycaneasily