专题六时态.docx
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专题六时态
语法专题六:
动词时态
1.现在时(Presenttenses)
时态
结构与用法
一般现在时
结构:
do/does/be(am/is/are)
用法:
1.表示现在的习惯动作、状态。
2.表示客观规律、真理;特征、性格等。
3.用于标题,小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。
4.用于时间、条件、让步状从中,表将来。
5.表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作,如时刻表等。
现在进行时
结构:
be(am/is/are)doing;或be+adv./prep.(如:
in,on,under等)
用法:
1.表示现在、现阶段正在发生、进行的动作。
2.常与go,leave,come,arrive,stay,move等连用,表示将来的动作。
3.与always,forever等连用,表示动作的反复,含厌倦或赞赏的意思。
注意:
1.表示感觉、心理、结果性的动词一般不用于进行时。
2.常见表进行的副词、介短:
inprogressinoperationonshow
现在完成时
结构:
have/hasdone
用法:
1.过去发生且结束,但对现在造成影响。
2.过去发生且持续到现在。
3.在以下两个句型中,其从句要求用现在完成时:
It(This)isthefirst(last,second,third,…)timethat…
It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting,…)+n.+that…
完成进行时
结构:
have/hasbeendoing
用法:
过去发生,目前还在进行,且可能持续下去,强调动作的延续性。
巩固练习:
1.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Imymum.
A.amtakingB.havetaken
C.takeD.willhavetaken
2.Becausefarmland______quickly,thegovernmentisconsideringsolvingtheproblem.
A.isbeinglostB.islostC.islosingD.loses
3.JohnandI______friendsfor8years.Wefirstgottoknoweachotherataparty.Butwe______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.
A.hadbeen;havebeenB.havebeen;havebeen
C.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen
4.DadwillcometoseemewhenI______thetrainingcourse.
A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish
5.---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?
---Idon’tthinkso.He______totheradiowithhiseyesshut.
A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistened
6.We______ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.
A.don’tmeetB.won’tmeetC.haven’tmetD.hadn’tmet
7.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar______atthegarage.
A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.berepaired
8.---______leaveattheendofthemonth.
---Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil______anotherjob.
A.I’mgoingto;you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;you’vefound
C.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind
9.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe______onitforanhour.
A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked
10.Thefatheraswellashis
threechildren______skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.
A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing
11.I______inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.
A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived
12.Thismachine
______.Ithasn’tworkedforyears.
A.didn’tworkB.wasn’tworkingC.doesn’tworkD.isn’tworking
13.Myfriend,who______ontheIOCallhisli
fe,isretiringnextmonth.
A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved
14.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!
Flight4026______offat18:
20.
A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken
15.---Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.
---Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand______now.
A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestioned
C.isquestioningD.hasquestioned
16.SofaritisthebestcrosstalkI______.
A.heardB.haveheardC.willhearD.hadheard
17.---Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:
00tomorrow.
---I’msorry,butbythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI______myguestsinmyoffice.
A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet
18.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.
---Iamtired.I______thelivingroomallday.
A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted
19.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology
______tothefieldofIT.
A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroduced
20.Thetwofriends______onlineforthreehours,andtheywillgoon.
A.hadbeenchattingB.hadchattedC.werechattingD.ha
vebeenchatting
21.---Let’sseeifthebaseballgamehasstartedyet.
---Started?
Itmustbeclearwho______bynow.
A.iswinningB.winsC.haswonD.wouldwin
22.---What’sthematter,Jane?
Youlooksad.
---Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I______ofmyfriendsbackhome.
A.wasjustthinkingB.justthoughtC.havejustbeenthinkingD.havejustthought
23.HewillhavelearnedEnglishfor8yearsbythetimehe______fromuniversity.
A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate
24.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimethatsomeone______methatevening.
A.tohaveinterruptedB.wouldhaveinterruptedC.hadinterruptedD.tointerrupt
25.---Doyouknowourtownatall?
---No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.
A.wasB.amgoingC.cameD.havebeen
2.过去时(Pasttenses)
时态
结构与用法
一般过去时
结构:
did/be(was/were)
用法:
1.表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与yesterday,lastnight,
amomentago,thenextday等过去的具体时间状语连用。
2.表示过去习惯性动作,可用usedto/would+do结构。
3.用于时间、条件、让步状从中,表示过去的将来。
4.用于虚拟语气中:
1)用于if条件从句中,表示对现在、将来的虚拟;2)在wish/asif/ifonly/wouldrather/
Itistime等+从句中,表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
5.表示刚才或过去不知,现在或说话时已知
过去进行时
结构:
be(was/were)+doing
用法:
1表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作。
2表示按计划过去将要发生的动作。
过去完成时
结构:
had+done总概念:
过去的过去。
用法:
1.用于主从复合句中:
两个动作皆发生在过去,前一个动作用过去完成时。
2.用于时间状语为“by+过去时间”的句子中。
3.表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。
4.用于“hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than”的主句中。
5.用于虚拟语气中:
表示与过去的事实相反。
巩固练习:
1.Thousandsofpeopletookpartintheworkwhenthedam______.
A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wasbeingbuiltD.wouldbebuilt
2.Mr.James______acitybusfor20years.Nowhehasretired.
A.wasdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.haddriven
3.We______thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyoudidn’t.
A.expectedB.expectC.hadexpectedD.wereexpecting
4.Rose______abookaboutChinalastmonth,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.
A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting
5.Joancouldbeaveryattractivegirl,butshe______noattentiontoherclothes.
A.paysB.paidC.waspayingD.hadpaid
6.Theyshouldhavefinishedthejobbeforenoon,butthey______.
A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.haven’t
7.Wouldn’titbebetterifwe______acar?
A.boughtB.haveboughtC.buyD.couldbuy
8.---Yourphonenumberagain,please.I______quitecatchit.
---It’s9586440.
A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t
9.WhenIwasatcollege,I_____3foreignlan
guages,butIallexceptafewwordsforeach.
A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgotten
C.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten
10.---Wecou
ldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.
---Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary.
A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.isn’t
11.ThepenI______I______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.
A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;h
avelost
12.---Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?
---Iamsorry.I______aboutsomethingelse.
A.thoughtB.wasthinkingC.amthinkingD.hadthought
13.Iarrivedlate.I______theroadtobesocrowded.
A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpectedC.hadn’texpectedD.didn’texpected
14.WhenMarydroppedin,I___
___forawhileand______somereading.
A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodoB.played;did
C.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed;did
15.---IamsureyoumetAliceatthepartylastweek.
---Idon’trememberher.What______she___
___?
A.was;wearingB.had;wornC.did;wearD.would;wear
16.---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?
---Ofcourse.Whatisit?
---I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofillouttheform.
A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder
17.Johnspent$3,000morethanhe______forthewedding.
A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned
18.I______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident______.
A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurred
C.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred
19.Thewater______coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.
A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels
20.They_____twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.
A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get
21.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.
---Whatapity!
Tina______heretoseeyou.
A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen
22.Beforethefirstnon-stopflightin1949,it______necessaryforallplanestolandforrefuel.
A.woul
dbeB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldhavebeen
23.---Iwillcomebacktomorrow.
---Ifonlyyou______yesterday.
A.havecomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.wouldcome
24.Thecrazyfans______fortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.
A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait
25.Nosooner_____themselvesintheirseatsinthetheatre______thecurtainwentup.
A.theyhavesettled;beforeB.hadtheysettled;than
C.havetheysettled;whenD.theyhadsettled;than
26.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorms.
A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled
3.将来时(Futuretenses)
时态
结构和用法
一般将来时
总结构:
will/shall(用于第一人称)+do
用法:
表示将来的动作或状态。
will:
1.表示純将来或临时的决定。
2.表示意志、意愿。
3.还可表现在的习惯性动作。
begoingto:
1.表示现在对将来的计划、打算。
2.表示现在对将来的推测。
bedoing:
进行时表示就近将来要发生的事。
betodo:
表示对将来的计划、安排。
beaboutto:
表示即将发生的动作,句中不用表示未来的时间状语。
(但当be为was/were时,则常与when状从连用)
过去将来时
总结构:
would+do用法:
参考现在将来时
注意:
was/were+todo:
除表示曾经的计划、打算外,还可表示“后来结果,注定”的含义。
将来进行时
结构:
will/shallbedoing
用法:
将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行或持续的动作。
将来完成时
结构:
will/shallhavedone
用法:
表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。
常与“by+将来时间”连用。
巩固练习:
1.Idon’tknowifhe______.Ifhe______,I’llletyouknow.
A.willcome;comesB.comes;willcome
C.comes;comesD.willcome;willcome
2.She______lawthemomentshehas