英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案.docx

英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案.docx

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英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案

2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（总三套题）及答案

2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及答案

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.

Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap-thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon'tseekasmanymanagementroles-failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn'thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter（muchlessdecline）leadershiproles.

Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents'yearsoncampus.

Nowthatwomenarethemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous（非常严格的）subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.

Asaresult,it'snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumbling（栽倒）overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers'generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?

Strongorsexy（性感的）Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassion-topursuescienceandsports,mathandtheater-anddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.

56.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause______.

A）theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscourses

B）theydonotfeelasfitformanagementroles

C）theyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathome

D）theydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualities

57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica'shighereducationsystem?

A）Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.

B）Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.

C）Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents'specialneeds.

D）Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.

58.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'scollegeexperience?

A）Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents.

B）Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.

C）Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect.

D）ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.

59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?

A）Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.

B）Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.

C）Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.

D）Theydon'tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.

60.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?

A）Womenaretoowornouttobeambitious.

B）Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.

C）Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily.

D）Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Headingleadershipliterature,you'dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.

Idon'tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IseewayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoaresadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.

Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto（追求）leadershipinthefirstplace.

We'veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit'sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan'thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey'renaturalbornleaders.

Truthis,they'renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon'tassumethatit'stheirdivine（神圣的）right,totakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,and/ortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.

Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan'tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:

iftheythinkyouaren'tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.

Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn'ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn'teventheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:

answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit'svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.

Ifyou'retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren'tleadingatall,you'redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothattheycananddohittheirtargetsandachievetheirgoals.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheleadersheknows?

A）Manyofthemareusedtotakingcharge.

B）Fewofthemareequaltotheirpositions.

C）Manyofthemfailtofullydeveloptheirpotential.

D）Fewofthemarefamiliarwithleadershipliterature.

62.Whyaresomepeopleeagertogrableadershippositions?

A）Theybelievetheyhavethenaturalgifttolead.

Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.

Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信条）ofmodemmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe"datadriven,"andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.

Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology"offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,"butheaddedthatdoctors'firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

A）Toreducemedicalerror.

B）Tocopewithemergencies.

C）Tofacilitateadministration.

D）Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.

57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby"distracteddoctoring"?

A）Thedisservicedonebymodemdevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.

B）Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmodemdevices.

C）Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.

D）Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.

58.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?

A）Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemodemtechnology.

B）Doctors'interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients'lives.

C）octorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodemelectronictechnology.

D）Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.

59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemodemdevices?

A）Patientstrustdoctorswhousemodemtechnology.

B）Useofmodemdevicesaddstohospitals'revenues.

C）Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.

D）Patients'datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.

60.WhatisPeterCarmel'sadvicetodoctors?

A）Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.

B）Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient'scondition.

C）Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.

D）Theymakethebestuseofmodemdevices.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow.JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.

Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox（矛盾的现象）weseemtoexhibit,namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore.

Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried.Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows,andmoviesthaneverbefore.Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieortelevisionprogramevercreated.SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials.Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage.

SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession.Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24-year-oldsareemployed,thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.

ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet?

Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor,theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic（勤奋工作）asdistinctiveofitself.Millennialswanttosavetheworld,buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem.Insteadofworking2-3jobs,launchin