研究生英语阅读教程(提高级_第三版)翻译和课后答案Word文档下载推荐.doc
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14
UnitTwoReadingBiographiesandPersonalRecollections
Lesson4BillClinton·
21
Lesson5 SteveJobs·
39
Lesson6 ABeautifulMind·
42
UnitThreeReadingEssays
Lesson7 AChristmasSermononPeace·
57
Lesson8 LeftforDead·
64
Lesson9 SpelloftheRisingMoon·
68
UnitFourReadingScientificand
TechnicalArticles
Lesson10OurPictureoftheUniverse·
74
Lesson11 MindoverMachine·
87
Lesson12 2InchesBetweenLife,Death·
95
UnitFiveReadingShortStoriesand
Novels
Lesson13 CatintheRain·
101
Lesson14 TheStolenParty·
106
Lesson15 ASummer’sReading·
109
课文全文参考译文·
113
UnitOneReadingNewsReports
UnderestimatingRisk
KEYSTOEXERCISES
.ReadingComprehension
A.
1.B（Paragraph1:
YearsbeforetheDeepwaterHorizonrigblew,BPwasdevelopingareputationasanoilcompanythattooksafetyriskstosavemoney.）
2.C（Paragraph1:
NoneotherthanJoeBarton,aRepublicancongressmanfromTexasandaglobal-warmingskeptic…noneotherthan:
usedtoemphasizethesurprisingidentityofaperson
orthing正是，恰是）
3.D（Paragraph4:
ForallthecriticismBPexecutivesmaydeserve,theyarefarfromtheonlypeopletostrugglewithsuchlow-probability,high-costevents.Nearlyeveryonedoes.）
4.B（Paragraph4:
Whenaneventisdifficulttoimagine,wetendtounderestimateitslikelihood.Thisistheproverbialblackswan.）
5.C（Paragraph6:
Afterthe9/11attacks,Americanscanceledplanetripsandtooktotheroad.Therewerenoterroristattacksinthiscountryin2002,yettheadditionaldrivingapparentlyledtoanincreaseintrafficfatalities.）
6.B（Paragraph7:
Whenthestakesarehighenough,itfallstogovernmenttohelpitscitizensavoidtheseentirelyhumanerrors.Themarket,lefttoitsowndevices,oftencannotdoso.）
7.D（Paragraph8:
Federallawhelpedthemunderestimatethecosts.）
8.A（Paragraph10:
Thebigfinancialriskisnolongerahousingbubble.Instead,itmaybethehugedeficitsthatthegrowthofMedicare,MedicaidandSocialSecuritywillcauseincomingyears—andthepossibilitythatlenderswilleventuallybecomenervousaboutextendingcredittoWashington.）
9.A（Paragraph12:
Nothinglikethathaseverhappenedbefore.Evenimaginingitisdifficult.Itismucheasiertohopethattheoddsofsuchanoutcomearevanishinglysmall.Infact,it’sonlynaturaltohavethishope.Butthatdoesn’tmakeitwise.）
10.D（Thewholetext.）
B.
ReasonsBehind
WrongActionsConsequencesSuggestedSolutions
DeepwaterHorizon
ObsessionwithprofitsCostcuttingBPshouldbefullyawareof
Safetycouldnotbethepotentialrisksandspend
guaranteedmoremoneytomaketheir
HumanweaknessUnderestimatingtherisks
facilitiessafer.
CongressandtheObama
administrationshouldtake
A1990CongresslawputaFederallawhelpedBP
sensiblesteps,likelifting
Governmentpolicycaponspiller’sliabilityforexecutivesunderestimate
theliabilitycapandfreeing
cleanupcostat$75million.thecostsofdamages.
regulatorsfromtheswayof
industry.
.Vocabulary
Ⅱ
A.
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A
B.
1.cap2.Inthewakeof3.proverbial4.stemfrom5.odds6.given
7.comewhatmay8.Farfrom9.sway10.Inretrospect
Ⅲ.Cloze
1.wisdom2.tend3.shrink4.unexpected5.puzzle6.cameupwith
7.severe8.altered9.Regardlessof10.necessarily
Ⅳ.Translation
1.就连乔·
巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
2.显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
3.埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹漏油事件发生后，在1990年的一个法案很少引人注意的一项条款中，美国国会将钻机泄漏清理费用的责任上限定为7500万美元。
即使对旅游业、渔业等造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元，责任方也仅需要支付7500万美元。
4.不过，如果认为我们目前仍然低估的只是那些突然间引人注目的风险，那是非常愚蠢的。
Ⅴ.OralPracticeandDiscussion
1.Whatarethetwobasicandoppositetypesofmistakeswehumanstendtomake?
Wemaketwobasic—andopposite—typesofmistakes.Whenaneventisdifficulttoimagine,wetendtounderestimateitslikelihood.Ontheotherhand,whenanunlikelyeventisalltooeasytoimagine,weoftengointheoppositedirectionandoverestimatetheodds.
2.WhatlessonsshouldwelearnfromtheDeepwaterHorizon?
Open.
3.Atthetimeofmaximizingprofits,whatelseshouldaresponsiblecompanydo?
4.Whatarethechallengesindevelopingtheeconomywithoutharmingtheenvironment?
MOREINFORMATIONABOUTTHETEXT
1.TheDeepwaterHorizonoilspill:
（alsoreferredtoastheBPoilspill,theGulfofMexicooilspill,theBPoildisaster,ortheMacondoblowout）anoilspillintheGulfofMexicowhichflowedforthreemonthsin2010.Itisthelargestaccidentalmarineoilspillinthehistoryofthepetroleumindustry.Thespillstemmedfromasea-flooroilgusherthatresultedfromtheApril20,2010,explosionofDeepwaterHorizon,whichdrilledontheBP-operatedMacondoProspect.Theexplosionkilled11menworkingontheplatformandinjured17others.OnJuly15,2010,theleakwasstoppedbycappingthegushingwellhead,afterithadreleasedabout4.9millionbarrels（780,000m3）ofcrudeoil.Anestimated53,000barrelsperday（8,400m3/d）escapedfromthewelljustbeforeitwascapped.Itisbelievedthatthedailyflowratediminishedovertime,startingatabout62,000barrelsperday（9,900m3/d）anddecreasingasthereservoirofhydrocarbonsfeedingthegusherwasgraduallydepleted.OnSeptember19,2010,thereliefwellprocesswassuccessfullycompleted,andthefederalgovernmentdeclaredthewell“effectivelydead”.InAugust2011,oilandoilsheencoveringseveralsquaremilesofwaterwerereportedsurfacingnotfarfromBP’sMacondowell.ScientificanalysisconfirmedtheoilisachemicalmatchforMacondo252.TheCoastGuardsaidtheoilwastoodispersedtorecover.
ThespillcausedextensivedamagetomarineandwildlifehabitatsandtotheGulf’sfishingandtourismindustries.Skimmerships,floatingcontainmentbooms,anchoredbarriers,sand-filledbarricadesalongshorelines,anddispersantswereusedinanattempttoprotecthundredsofmilesofbeaches,wetlands,andestuariesfromthespreadingoil.Scientistsalsoreportedimmenseunderwaterplumesofdissolvedoilnotvisibleatthesurfaceaswellasan80-square-mile（210km²
）“killzone”surroundingtheblownwell.InlateNovember2010,4,200squaremiles（11,000km²
）oftheGulfwerere-closedtoshrimpingaftertarballswerefoundinshrimpers’nets.TheamountofLouisianashorelineaffectedbyoilgrewfrom287miles（462km）inJulyto320miles（510km）inlateNovember2010.InJanuary2011,anoilspillcommissionerreportedthattarballscontinuetowashup,oilsheentrailsareseeninthewakeoffishingboats,wetlandsmarshgrassremainsfouledanddying,andcrudeoilliesoffshoreindeepwaterandinfinesiltsandsandsonshore.AresearchteamfoundoilonthebottomoftheseafloorinlateFebruary2011thatdidnotseemtobedegrading.OnMay26,2011,theLouisianaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityextendedthestateofemergencyrelatedtotheoilspill.ByJuly9,2011,roughly491miles（790kilometers）ofcoastlineinLouisiana,Mississippi,AlabamaandFloridaremainedcontaminatedbyBPoil,accordingtoaNOAAspokesperson.InOctober2011,aNOAAreportshowsdolphinsandwhalescontinuetodieattwicethenormalrate.InJanuary2011theWhiteHouseoilspillcommissionreleaseditsfinalreportonthecausesoftheoilspill.TheyblamedBPanditspartnersformakingaseriesofcost-cuttingdecisionsandthelackofasystemtoensurewellsafety.Theyalsoconcludedthatthespillwasnotan
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