国际商务英语串讲.docx

国际商务英语串讲.docx

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国际商务英语串讲

国际商务英语串讲资料

Lesson1

1.Internationaltrade:

canbedefinedastheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanother.

2.Internationalspecialization:

onecountryproducingmoreofacommodity

thanitusesitselfandsellingtheremaindertoothercountries.

　　3.Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage:

holdsthatevenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,i.e.ithasabsolutedisadvantageinproducingbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.

4.国际专业化：

internationalspecialization          

绝对利益：

absoluteadvantage比较利益：

comparativeadvantage

　　5.richinadvantageoverpointonacrossborders

　　6.Translation:

（1）在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。

　　Inthecomplexeconomicworld,nocountrycanbecompletelyself-sufficient.

（2）随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。

　　Withthedevelopmentofmanufacturingandtechnology,therearoseanotherincentivefortrade,i.e.internationalspecialization.

　　（3）按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。

　　Accordingtothetheoryofcomparativeadvantage,bothtradepartnerscanbenefitfromtrade.

　　（4）比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。

　　Comparativeadvantageisnotastaticconcept;acountrymaydevelopaparticularcomparativeadvantagethroughitsownactions.

　　（5）比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。

　　Theideaofcomparativeadvantagehasbecomethecornerstoneofmodernthinkingoninternationaltrade.

　　Lesson2

　　1.Economiesofscale:

thatis,thecostadvantagesoflarge-scaleproduction.

　　2.Tariffbarriers:

arethemostcommonformoftraderestriction.

　　3.Atariff:

isataxleviedonacommoditywhenitcrossestheboundaryofacustomsareawhichusuallycoincideswiththeareaofacountry.

　　4.Acustomsunion:

acustomsareaextendingbeyondnationalboundariestoincludetwoormoreindependentnationsiscalledacustomsunion.

　　5.Importduties:

aretariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea.

　　6.Exportduties:

aretaxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea.

　　7.Drawback:

referstodutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedifthegoodsarereexported.

　　8.Most-favored-nation（MFN）treatment:

referstoatarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallsignatoriesanytariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountry.

　　9.Quotasorquantitativerestrictions:

arethemostcommonformofnon-tariffbarriers.Aquotalimitstheimportsorexportsofacommodityduringagivenperiodoftime.

　　10.需求结构：

patternsofdemand              生产能力：

productioncapabilities

　　  消费爱好：

consumptionpreference           规模经济：

economiesofscale

　　  成本优势：

costadvantage                  大规模生产：

large-scaleproduction

　　  关税和配额：

tariffsandquotas              外汇：

foreignexchange

　　 革新或款式：

innovationorstyle              移民汇款：

immigrantremittance

　　11.capabilityat/incostfor/ofatreasonablecostsleviedontakeintoaccountwithoutreferenceto（不针对）makeeffortstoengagein

　　12.Translation:

（1）一件商品的成本会因生产规模扩大而减少。

　　Thecostofproductwilldecreasewiththeexpansionofproductionscale.

（2）在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能永远不会发生。

　　Inreality,completespecializationmaynevertakeplaceeventhoughitiseconomicallyadvantageous.

　　（3）配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。

　　Quotasorquantitativerestrictionsarethemostcommonformofnon-tariffbarriers.

　　（4）有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。

　　Thevisibletradeistheimportandexportofgoods,andtheinvisibletradeistheexchangeofservicesbetweencountries.

　　（5）国家从事的贸易种类是多样的、复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。

　　Thekindsoftradenationsengageinarevariedandcomplex,oftenamixtureofvisibleandinvisibletrade.

　　Lesson3

　　1.Consignmenttransaction:

thismeanstheexporterhastosendhisgoodsabroadandwillnotgetpaymentuntilthegoodsaresold.Ifnotsold,thegoodscanbeshippedback.

　　2.Thedraft:

alsoreferredtoasthebillofexchange,isanunconditionalordertoabankoracustomertopayasumofmoneytosomeoneondemandoratafixedtimeinthefuture.

　　3.Sightdraft:

callsforimmediatepaymentonpresentationtothedrawee.

　　4.Usancedraft:

ispayableatalaterdate,e.g.30,45,60or90daysaftersightordate.

　　5.Documentarydraft:

thedraftisaccompaniedbytherelevantdocumentssuchasthebilloflading,theinvoice,theinsurancepolicyetc.

　　6.Documentsagainstpayment（D/P）:

documentswillnotbereleasedtotheimporteruntilpaymentiseffected.

　　7.D/Patsight:

requiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofthedocuments.

　　8.D/Paftersight:

givestheimporteracertainperiodafterpresentationofthedocuments,butdocumentsarenotreleasedtohimuntilheactuallypaysforthemerchandise.

　　9.Documentsagainstacceptance（D/A）:

documentsarehandedovertotheimporteruponhisacceptanceofthebillofexchangedrawnbytheexporter.Paymentwillnotbemadeuntilalaterdate.D/Aisalwaysaftersight.

　　10. 外汇管制：

foreignexchangecontrol           预付现金：

cashinadvance

　　   记帐贸易：

openaccount                               破产：

gobankrupt

　　11.addupto（amountto）have/gaincontroloverpartwith（分手）

　　enterintoondemand（立即）handoverto（交给）

　　pushthesale（促销）tieupmoney（占压资金）make/effectpayment

　　open/issue/establishL/Cwithbankinonesfavor（以谁为受益人）

　　12.Translation:

（1）在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对方不履约可能。

　　Ininternationaltrade,boththeexporterandimporterfacerisksasthereisalwaysthepossibilitythattheotherpartymayfailtofulfilthecontract.

（2）为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。

　　Variousmethodsofpaymenthavebeendevelopedtocopewithdifferentsituationsininternationaltrade.

　　（3）许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令。

　　Alotofinternationaltransactionsarepaidforbymeansofthedraft,whichisanordertoabankoracustomertopay.

　　（4）即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。

　　Documentsagainstpaymentatsightrequiresimmediatepaymentbytheimportertogetholdofthedocuments.

　　（5）就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。

　　Sofarastheexporter’sinterestisconcernedD/PatsightismorefavorablethanD/Paftersight,andD/PismorefavorablethanD/A.

　　Lesson4

　　1.Theletterofcredit:

isaletterissuedbyabankattherequestoftheimporterinwhichthebankpromisestopayuponpresentationoftherelevantdocuments.

　　2.Theconfirmingbank:

thebankthataddsitsconfirmationtothecreditiscalledtheconfirmingbankwhichisundertakeneitherbytheadvisingbankoranotherprimebank.

　　3.Negotiatingbank:

ifabank,eithernominatedbytheopeningbankoratitsownchoice,buystheexporter’sdraftsubmittedtoitunderacredit,itiscalledanegotiatingbank.

　　4.  支付方法：

methodofpayment          发货：

dispatchthegoods

　　   条款：

termsandconditions             保兑信用证：

confirmedletterofcredit

分批可转船：

partialshipmentsortransshipment

运载船支：

carryingvessel

统一惯例：

theuniformcustomsandpracticefordocumentarycredits

　　5.match…with（与…一致）       attherequestofbeconcernedwith（关心）

（1）在国际贸易中几乎不可能使付款和实际交货同时进行。

　　Ininternationaltradeitisalmostimpossibletomatchpaymentwiththephysicaldeliveryofthegoods.

（2）信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障。

　　Themethodofpaymentbytheletterofcreditofferssecuritytoboththesellerandthebuyer.

　　（3）现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用，第一次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展。

　　Moderncreditswereintroducedinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturyandhadsubstantialdevelopmentaftertheFirstWorldWar.

　　（4）要么因为信用证金额过大，要么因为对开证行不完全信任，出口商有时可能需要保兑的信用证。

　　Eitherbecausethecreditamountistoolarge,orbecausehedoesnotfullytrusttheopeningbank,theexportermaysometimesrequireconfirmedletterofcredit.

　　（5）信用证的形式、长短、语言和规定各不相同。

　　Lettersofcreditarevariedinform,length,languageandstipulations.

　　Lesson5

　　1.Cleandraft:

draftnotaccompaniedwithshippingdocuments,forpaymentarecleancredit.

　　2.Documentarycredit:

creditsthatrequireshippingdocumentstobepresentedtogetherwiththedraft.

　　3.Irrevocablecredits:

arethosethatcannotbeamendedorrevokedwithouttheconsentofallthepartiesconcerned.

　　4.Revocablecredit:

thecreditisarevocableoneifsuchcommitmentscanbealteredorevencanceledwithoutconsultingwiththebeneficiary.

　　5.Confirmedcredit:

ifacreditisconfirmedbyabankotherthantheissuingbank,itbecomesaconfirmedcredit.

　　6.Sightcredit:

isonebywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraftandimpeccabledocumentsbythebeneficiarytothebank,asightcreditcallsforasightdraft.

　　7.Usancecredit:

isonebywhichpaymentcannotbemadeuntilaspecificdateoraspecifictimeafterthedateoraftersight,thistypeofcreditrequiresausancedraft.

　　8.Transferablecredit:

ifacreditcanbetransferredbytheoriginalbeneficiarytooneormoreparties,itisatransferablecredit.

　　9.Non-draftcredit:

thereisamoderntendencyforpaymenttobemadebypresentationofthedocumentswithouttheformalityofdrawingandpresentingadraft.

　　10.Revolvingcredit:

ifacreditstipulatedthatitsamountcanberenewedorreinstatedwithoutspecificamendmenttothecreditbeingmade.

　　11.Accompanywith/byconsultwith（和…协商）

（1）信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。

　　Lettersofcreditareclassifiedintodifferenttypesaccordingtotheirfunction,form,andmechanism.

（2）光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。

　　Cleanlettersofcreditaremainlyusedinnon-tradesettlement,whiledocumentarycreditsaregenerallyusedincommoditytrade.

　　（3）在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款。

　　Inthecaseofsightcredits,paymentcanbemadepromptlyuponpresentationofdraftandimpeccableshippingdocuments.

　　（4）远期信用证显然要使用远期汇票。

付款期限可为30天，60天甚至可长达180天。

　　Ausancecreditobviouslycallsforatimedraft,andtheusancevariesfrom30,60,toaslong