译林牛津版高中英语必修五Unit 3 Science and nature Section Ⅰ课时训练题附答案解析.docx

译林牛津版高中英语必修五Unit 3 Science and nature Section Ⅰ课时训练题附答案解析.docx

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译林牛津版高中英语必修五Unit3ScienceandnatureSectionⅠ课时训练题附答案解析

2020年高中英语必修五

Unit3ScienceandnatureSectionⅠ课时训练题

阅读理解

A

Thenextgenerationofartificialintelligence（AI）maybesittingrightbeneathyou，atleastiffurnituremakerIkeahasanysayinthematter.TheSwedishfurniturecompany’s“futureliving”researchlabinCopenhagenisconductingasurveytounderstandwhatpeoplewantwhenitcomestosmartfurniture.

AIisnowwalkingintomoreaspectsofpeople’sdailylives.Selfdrivingcarsarejustaroundthecorner，andAIrobotscanplayandbeatthebestplayersofstrategygames.Assmarthometechnologieshavebecomemoreubiquitous，productsrangingfromsmartelectricaloutlets（插座）tosmartsmokealarmsarefloodingthemarket.Therefore，it’snotsurprisingthatIkeawouldbemovinginthesamedirection.

Exactlywhypeoplewouldwanttheirsofaorbedframetospeaktothem，tracktheirdailymovementsorofferhelpisnotyetclear.ThoughIkea’sthenewsurveydoesn’tdirectlyanswerthatquestion，itdoesprovideahintofwhatpeoplewouldfeelcomfortablewith.Mostparticipantswantedamorehumanlikeformofvirtual（虚拟的）assistant，asopposedtoonethatismorerobotic.Intermsoftheidealgender（性别）oftheassistants，themostpopularchoicewasneithermalenorfemale.FewwantedareligiousformofAI.

Justaswithhumanfriends，mostwantedAIfriendsthatwerelikethem，affirmingtheirownworldview.TheywantedanAIassistantthatwasreasonablyintelligent—thatcouldcollectdatatopredictwhatapersonwantedbeforeheorsheasked，andthatcouldpreventsomeonefrommakingmistakes.

ThisisnotthefirsttimethatIkeahassetfootinthefieldoffuturistictechnologies.Inadditiontowirelesschargingtablesandchainlessbikesthatneverrust（生锈），thefurnituregianthasalsopicturedsmartkitchensthatcancookthebestmeals.Todecideonhowintelligentyouwantyournextsofaorbookshelftobe，youcantakeIkea’ssurveyonline.

【解题导语】　人工智能早已走向我们的生活。

著名家具生产商宜家公司进行了一项调查，旨在了解现代人的智能家具需求。

1．ThesurveycarriedoutbyIkeaaimsto________．

A．knowpeople’sneedforsmartfurniture

B．understandfuturelifestyle

C．promotethecompany’ssmartfurniture

D．answerpeople’squestions

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句TheSwedishfurniturecompany’s“futureliving”researchlab...isconductingasurveytounderstandwhatpeoplewantwhenitcomestosmartfurniture.可知，宜家公司开展这一调查的目的是了解人们对于智能家具的需求。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inParagraph2mean?

A．Beautiful.　　　　　B．Common.

C．Normal.D．Environmental.

B　解析：

词义猜测题。

联系画线词后一句．..productsrangingfromsmartelectricaloutlets（插座）tosmartsmokealarmsarefloodingthemarket可知，智能家居产品涌向市场，说明面向家庭的智能科技愈加普遍，可推测“ubiquitous”意为“普遍的”，故选“Common”。

3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A．Thedifferencesbetweenrobotlikeandhumanlikeassistants.

B．WhatformofAIassistantspeoplewant.

C．Whatkindoffriendspeoplewant.

D．Thepopularrobotsonthemarket.

B　解析：

段落大意题。

根据第三段Mostparticipantswantedamorehumanlikeformofvirtual（虚拟的）assistant...FewwantedareligiousformofAI.可知，该段主要在讲人们对于人工智能助手的类型要求。

4．WhichofthefollowingproductsarefromIkea?

A．Smartsofasthatcanspeaktoyou.

B．Smartbedsthatcantrackyourdailymovements.

C．Wirelesschargingcars.

D．Rustlessbikeswithoutchains.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段Inadditiontowirelesschargingtablesandchainlessbikesthatneverrust（生锈）．..smartkitchensthatcancookthebestmeals.可知，选项中只有无链条不生锈自行车来自宜家，故选“Rustlessbikeswithoutchains.”。

B

Oneday，Ireceivedacallfromacolleague.Hewasabouttogiveastudentazeroforhisanswertoaphysicalproblem，whilethestudentclaimedaperfectscore.Iwaselectedastheirarbiter（仲裁人）．Ireadtheexaminationproblem，“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer（气压计）．”Thestudenthadanswered，“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding，attachalongropetoit，lowerittothestreet，andthenbringitupandmeasurethelengthoftherope.Thelengthofitistheheightofthebuilding.”

Thestudenthadreallyansweredthequestioncompletely，buttheanswerdidn’tconfirmhiscompetenceinphysics.Isuggestedthestudenttryagain.Igavehimsixminutestoanswerthequestion，warningthattheanswershouldshowsomeknowledgeofphysics.Fiveminuteslater，hesaidhehadmanyanswersanddashedoffone，whichread“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuildingandleanovertheedgeoftheroof.Dropthebarometer，timingitsfallwithastopwatch.Then，usethephysicalformula（公式）tocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.”

Atthispoint，mycolleaguehadtoacceptit，andthenthestudentmadealmostfullmarks.Icouldn’thelpaskingthestudentwhattheotheranswerswere.Helistedmanyothers，andthenadded，“Probablythebestoneistotakethebarometertotheadministratorandsaytohim，‘Sir，hereisafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthebuilding，Iwillgiveittoyou.’”

Then，Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid，butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink.

ThenameofthestudentwasBohrwholaterwasfamousallovertheworld.HewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1922.

【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了一个学生不按老师的要求解答物理题，但最终获得诺贝尔物理学奖的故事。

5．Thestudentgotazeroatthebeginningbecause________．

A．theteacherwasn’tsatisfiedwithhim

B．hisanswerwasn’tcompleteorcorrect

C．theteacherdidn’tfullyunderstandhisanswer

D．hisanswerdidn’tshowhisknowledgeofphysics

D　解析：

细节理解题。

从第二段第一句中的“buttheanswerdidn’tconfirmhiscompetenceinphysics”可知，这个学生的解题方法没有体现物理方面的知识是他得零分的原因。

6．Weknowfromthepassagethat________．

A．thestudentknewtheexpectedanswer

B．theadministratortoldBohrtheheight

C．theauthorpreferredBohr’slastanswer

D．theteacherwasaverystubbornperson

A　解析：

细节理解题。

从倒数第二段中的“Then，Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid”可知，这个学生知道被期待的答案是什么。

故A项正确。

7．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．

A．instructorscanteachstudentshowtothink

B．arbiterscanhelpstudentstogethighscores

C．studentsshouldbegivenmorefreedominthinking

D．teachersshouldmakestudentsusephysicalformulas

C　解析：

推理判断题。

从最后两段的内容可知，Bohr富有创造性思维并获得了诺贝尔奖，由此推断文章主张学生应该被允许自由地思考。

8．WhatwasBohr’sattitudetowardhisschooling?

A．Optimistic.B．Critical.

C．Approving.D．Pessimistic.

B　解析：

观点态度题。

从倒数第二段中的“butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink”可知，Bohr对他接受的教育持批判的态度。

C

Haveyouhadthisexperience?

Youarewatchingamovie.Amanisshootingonthescreen.Thepictureissorealthatyouthinkheisshootingatyou.Oracarisspeedingonthescreenandatonepointyouareafraidthatitwillhityou.

Threedimensional（3D）moviesusespecialtechnologytomakepicturesseemmorerealandexcitingthantwodimensionalones.ThepopularmovieAvataruses3Dtechnology.

Sofarwecanonlysee3Dmoviesinthecinemawithaspecialscreenandprojector（放映机）．Butsoon,wewillbeabletowatchtheminourlivingrooms.Lastmonth,WoodsCompanytoldreportersthatitplanstobring3Dtelevisionstohomesinthenearfuture.Thecompanyisalsohopingtomakeotherproductswith3D,likelaptopsandPS3（索尼的家用游戏机）．

“The__3D__train__is__on__the__track,__and__we__are__ready__to__drive__it__home，”saidthePresident.3DmoviesandTVprogramsarefuntowatch,butdoyouknowhowtheyaremade?

Itismucheasiertounderstandifwedoanexperiment.

Holdoneofyourfingersupatarmslengthandcloseoneeye.Thentryclosingtheothereye.Asyouswitchbetweenopeneyes,youshouldseeyourfinger“jumping”leftandrightagainstthebackground.

Thishappensbecauseourtwoeyesareabout4cmawayfromeachother.Theseparationcauseseacheyetoseetheworldfromadifferentangle.Thebrainputsthesetwoviewstogether.Whatyouseebecomesthreedimensional.

3Dmoviesaremadeusingtwovideocamerasatthesametime,whichcreatestwodifferentimages.Whenthemovieplaysinacinema,twoprojectorsputthetwoimagesonthescreen.Withapairof3Dglasses,thetwoimagesareseparatedandeachimageonlyentersoneeye.Yourbrainputsthetwopicturesbacktogether,andthepicturesonthescreenbecomethreedimensional.

【解题导语】　这篇短文主要介绍了3D技术的工作原理。

9．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmean?

A．They’vegotatraintotake3Dmoviesbackhome.

B．Theyarenotsureaboutthefutureof3Dmovies.

C．Theyarereadytobring3Dtechnologytohome.

D．Theyhavenomoreworktodoon3Dtechnology.

C　解析：

句意理解题。

这句话的字面含义是“3D这辆火车已经在轨道上了，我们正准备把它开回家。

”联系上一段中的“Lastmonth,WoodsCompanytoldreportersthatitplanstobring3Dtelevisionstohomesinthenearfuture.”可知此处指的是他们已经准备将3D技术带入个人家庭。

故选C。

10．Fromthepassage,weknowthat3Dtechnology________．

A．createstwodifferentimagesseparately

B．worksinthesimilarwayofeyesseeingthings

C．usesspecialvideocamerasandscreens

D．canbeveryeasytoexperimentwith

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据短文后两段描述可知3D技术和眼睛的工作原理相似。

故选B。

11．Thepassageismainlyabout________．

A．what3Dtechnologyneeds

B．what3Dmoviesare

C．how3Dmoviesdevelop

D．how3Dtechnologyworks

D　解析：

主旨大意题。

根据短文后三段描述可知这篇短文主要讲述了3D技术的工作原理。

故选D。

12．Inwhichpageofanewspapercanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?

A．Science.B．Advertisement.

C．News.D．Fiction.

A　解析：

文章出处题。

这篇短文主要讲述的是3D技术，故我们应该在科学板块看到这一内容。

故选A。

七选五

Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs.1.________Somepeoplearecompulsive（难以自制的）shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.

2．________Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallsorstoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit’smorethana