网络技术培训.ppt
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网络技术培训,内容提要,网络基础Extreme交换机管理Juniper防火墙管理,网络基础,名词术语,TCP(TransportControlProtocol)传输控制协议IP(InternetworkingProtocol)网间网协议UDP(UserDatagramProtocol)用户数据报协议ICMP(InternetControlMessageProtocol)互联网控制信息协议SMTP(SimpleMailTransferProtocol)简单邮件传输协议SNMP(SimpleNetworkmanageProtocol)简单网络管理协议FTP(FileTransferProtocol)文件传输协议ARP(AddressResolationProtocol)地址解析协议。
TCP/IP协议结构,网络接口层负责接收IP数据报并通过网络发送之,或者从网络上接收物理帧,抽出IP数据报,交给IP层网间网层负责相邻计算机之间的通信。
其功能包括三方面。
一、处理来自传输层的分组发送请求,收到请求后,将分组装入IP数据报,填充报头,选择去往信宿机的路径,然后将数据报发往适当的网络接口。
二、处理输入数据报:
首先检查其合法性,然后进行寻径-假如该数据报已到达信宿机,则去掉报头,将剩下部分交给适当的传输协议;假如该数据报尚未到达信宿,则转发该数据报。
三、处理路径、流控、拥塞等问题。
传输层提供应用程序间的通信。
其功能包括:
一、格式化信息流;二、提供可靠传输。
为实现后者,传输层协议规定接收端必须发回确认,并且假如分组丢失,必须重新发送。
应用层向用户提供一组常用的应用程序,比如电子邮件、文件传输访问、远程登录等。
TCP/IP协议与OSI对应关系,IP地址分类,A类B类C类D类E类,局域网专用IP地址-私有IP地址,特殊IP地址,常用掩码
(1),常用掩码
(2),注:
每个网络中能容纳的主机数量为2n-2,其中n位主机号所占位数。
子网划分,TCP/IP上的每台主机都需要用一个子网屏蔽号。
它是一个4字节的地址,用来封装或“屏蔽”IP地址的一部分,以区分网络号和主机号。
当网络还没有划分为子网时,可以使用缺省的子网屏蔽;当网络被划分为若干个子网时,就要使用自定义的子网屏蔽了。
子网划分,路由基础,不同网络或网段的主机相互访问时需要建立路由表常用的路由协议静态路由RIP(RoutingInformationProtocol-路由信息协议)、OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst-开放式最短路优先)IS-IS(Intra-domainRoutingProtocol-域内路由协议)IGRP(InteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol-内部网关路由协议)EIGRP(EnhancedInteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol-增强的内部网关路由选择协议)BGP(BorderGatewayProtocol边界网关协议),路由基础举例
(1),实现两台PC通讯路由器配置:
配置E0,E1接口IP地址PC1配置:
IP地址:
192.168.0.11/24默认网关:
192.168.0.1PC2配置:
IP地址:
192.168.1.11/24默认网关:
192.168.1.1,路由器路由表192.168.0.0/24192.168.0.1(E0)192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.1(E1),PC1路由表0.0.0.0/0192.168.0.1192.168.0.0/24192.168.0.11,PC1路由表0.0.0.0/0192.168.1.1192.168.1.0/24192.168.1.11,路由基础举例
(2),R1路由表200.200.1.0/24200.200.1.1(E0)190.1.0.0/16190.1.0.1(S0)*200.200.2.0/24190.1.0.2*200.200.3.0/24190.1.0.2*200.200.4.0/24190.1.0.2,R2路由表200.200.2.0/24200.200.2.1(E0)190.2.0.0/16190.2.0.1(S0)190.1.0.0/16190.1.0.2(S1)*200.200.1.0/24190.1.0.1*200.200.3.0/24190.2.0.2*200.200.4.0/24190.2.0.2,R3路由表200.200.3.0/24200.200.3.1(E0)200.200.4.0/24200.200.4.1(E1)190.2.0.0/16190.2.0.2(S1)200.200.1.0/24190.2.0.1200.200.2.0/24190.2.0.1,Extreme交换机管理,交换机结构,ExtremeSummit400-48T交换结构带宽:
97.6Gbps,包转发速率:
72.6Mpps48个10/100/1000Mbps接口4个mini-GBIC光纤接口,命令结构,命令帮助提示,Summit4:
3#showNextpossiblecompletions:
accountsconfigurationripvlanprotocollogstpdswitchqosprofileipstatsigmpfdbipfdbmemorymanagementiparpiprouteportsversionsessionipqosipconfigdvmrpdiagnosticsedpmirroringbannerospfgvrpipmcSummit4:
3#showportNextpossiblecompletions:
configurationstatscollisionspacketinfotxerrorsrxerrorsutilizationqosmonitorSummit4:
3#showportsconfigurationNextpossiblecompletions:
Summit4:
3#showportsconfiguration,First-tiercommand:
Usingthecommandcompletionkeydisplaysallofthesecond-tieroptions,Previouscommandisechoed,SecondandThird-tiercommandsareaddedtosyntaxstring,Completedcommandsyntax,ExtremeWareSoftwareFiles,SoftwareImagePrimarySecondarySoftwareConfigurationPrimarySecondary,SwitchSoftwareConfigurationFiles,ContainswitchconfigurationinformationContaincustomizedsetofparametersthattheuserselectedtorunontheswitchTwodifferentfilesarestoredinlocations:
PrimarySecondary,常用查看命令-show,showswitchshowdiagnosticsshowmanagementshowaccounts,CLICommand-showswitch,查看端口命令,showportshowportconfigshowportinfoshowportpacketshowportRXerrorsshowportTXerrorsshowportstatisticsshowportutilization,Displaysreal-timecollisionstatistics.Syntax:
showportcollisions,PortCollisionMonitorWedSep923:
14:
091998PortLinkCollisionHistogramNumStatus12345678910111213141516=1ACTIVE00000000000000002READY00000000000000003READY00000000000000004READY00000000000000005READY00000000000000006READY00000000000000007READY00000000000000008READY0000000000000000=0-ClearCountersU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,ShowPortCollisions,showportconfiguration,ShowPortConfiguration,Syntax:
Displaystheportconfiguration,including:
PortStateLinkstateLinkspeedDuplexmodeFlowcontrolLoadsharinginformationlinkmediainformation,Summit4#showportconfig,PortConfigurationMonitorWedSep923:
21:
281998PortPortLinkAutoSpeedDuplexFlowLdShareMediaNumStateStatusNegCfgActualCfgActualCtrlMasterPriRed=1ENABLEDACTIVEONAUTO100AUTOFULLNONEUTP2ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP3ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP4ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP5ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP6ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP7ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP8ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP9ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP10ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP11ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP12ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP13ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP14ENABLEDREADYONAUTOAUTOUTP15ENABLEDACTIVEONAUTO100AUTOFULLNONEUTP16ENABLEDACTIVEONAUTO100AUTOFULLNONEUTP17ENABLEDACTIVEON10001000AUTOFULLNONESX18ENABLEDACTIVEON10001000AUTOFULLNONESX=U-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,Example-showportconfiguration,showportinfo,ShowPortInfo,SyntaxDisplaysdetailedsystem-relatedinformation,BRIDGE_LAB_2:
19#showportsinfoInformationforport1:
Portstate:
activeConfiguredDuplexmode:
autoActualDuplexMode:
fullConfiguredspeed:
autoActualSpeed:
100Porttype:
UTPHasredundantport:
noSummitLinkdisabledExtremeDiscoveryProtocol:
enabledLoadsharingisnotenabledMACLearning:
enabledBridgeinformation:
red(untagged)VlanId:
4095SpanningTreeInformation:
Stpd:
s0,enabledonthisportPortState:
FORWARDINGDesignatedRoot:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00DesignatedBridge:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00:
00DesignatedCost:
0DesignatedPortId:
0Protocol:
VlanredPriority:
0type:
EtherTypevalue:
ffffQosProfile:
Noneconfigured,showportpacket,ReceivePacketStatisticsWedSep923:
26:
061998PortLinkPacketSizesNumStatus0-6465-127128-255256-511512-10231024-1518=1ACTIVE88847131002READY0000003READY0000004READY0000005READY0000006READY0000007READY0000008READY0000009READY00000013READY00000014READY00000015ACTIVE000700016ACTIVE163140700017ACTIVE280201600018ACTIVE814010800=0-ClearCountersU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,ShowPortPacket,DisplaysahistogramofpacketstatisticsSyntax:
showportrxerrors,PortRxErrorMonitorWedSep923:
27:
571998PortLinkRxRxRxRxRxRxRxNumStatusCRCOverUnderFragJabberAlignLost=1ACTIVE60000002READY00000003READY00000004READY00000005READY00000006READY00000007READY00000008READY00000009READY000000013READY000000014READY000000015ACTIVE000000016ACTIVE000000017ACTIVE000000018ACTIVE0000000=0-ClearCountersU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,ShowPortRXerrors,Displaysreal-timereceiveerrorstatisticsSyntax:
showporttxerrors,PortTxErrorMonitorWedSep923:
30:
031998PortLinkTxTxTxTxTxNumStatusCollLateCollDeferredErrorParity=18ACTIVE0000019READY0000020READY0000021ACTIVE0000022ACTIVE00000=0-ClearCountersU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,ShowPortTXerrors,Displaysreal-timetransmiterrorstatisticsSyntax:
showportstats,PortStatisticsWedSep923:
31:
141998PortLinkTxPktTxByteRxPktRxByteRxRxNumStatusCountCountCountCountBcastMcast=1ACTIVE1874127627336112197722READY0000003READY0000004READY0000005READY0000006READY0000007READY0000008READY0000009READY00000013READY00000014READY00000015ACTIVE2673831575256500016ACTIVE7525650266382511266517ACTIVE3517778922163933341618ACTIVE22547591211466005929=0-ClearCountersU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,ShowPortStats,Displaysreal-timeportstatisticsSyntax:
showportutilization,ShowPortUtilization,Displaysreal-timeportutilizationinformationSyntax:
Bypressing,usermaytogglebetweendisplaysofpacketspersecondbytespersecondpercent(%)bandwidth,showportutilizationpacketspersecond,LinkUtilizationAveragesWedSep923:
33:
111998PortLinkReceivePeakRxTransmitPeakTransmitNumStatuspacket/secpkt/secpkt/secpkt/sec=1ACTIVE0100.15ACTIVE000016ACTIVE000017ACTIVE000018ACTIVE0000=spacebar-togglescreenU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,Example1-ShowPortUtilization,showportutilizationbytespersecond,LinkUtilizationAveragesWedSep923:
34:
321998PortLinkReceivePeakRxTransmitPeakTransmitNumStatusbytes/secbytes/secbytes/secbytes/sec=1ACTIVE21671346.15ACTIVE1111135816ACTIVE1358111117ACTIVE23444418ACTIVE25372277=spacebar-togglescreenU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,Example2-ShowPortUtilization,showportutilization%bandwidth,LinkUtilizationAveragesWedSep923:
38:
321998PortLinkLinkReceivePeakRxTransmitPeakTransmitNumStatusSpeed%bandwidth%bandwidth%bandwidth%bandwidth=1ACTIVE1000.000.000.000.00.15ACTIVE1000.000.000.000.0016ACTIVE1000.000.000.000.0017ACTIVE10000.000.000.000.0018ACTIVE10000.000.000.000.00=spacebar-togglescreenU-pageupD-pagedownESC-exit,Example3-ShowPortUtilization,常用管理命令
(1),download下载软件或参数文件,downloadupload上载软件或参数文件,uploaduse使用软件或配置文件,useReboot重启save保存saveconfig,常用管理命令
(2),unconfig删除配置unconfig(删除交换机配置)Delete清除命名deletevlanCreate创建createvlanConfig修改configvlanEnabledisable,downloadimagexmodem|primary|secondaryDownloadsanewsoftwareimagefromaTFTPserveroverthenetworktooneofthetwostoragecontainers.PrimaryorSecondary.,CLICommand-downloadimage,useimageprimary|secondaryConfigurestheswitchtouseaparticularimageonthenextreboot.,CLICommand-useimage,CLICommand-reboot,reboot|cancelThiscommandwillreboottheswitch.,uploadconfig|every|cancelUploadsth