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考研数学三多元函数微积分学一doc
考研数学三-多元函数微积分学
（一）
（总分：
100.00，做题时间：
90分钟）
一、SectionⅠUseofEng（总题数：
1，分数：
10.00）
Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture,yetitcanalsobeahelper,adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa（an）
（1）foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway,it
（2）avarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.
Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe（3）ofleisure:
thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest.（4）bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectly（5）themselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedaboutthe（6）ofviolenceinthemediaandits（7）harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia（8）,suchasvideogames,cabletelevision,musicvideos,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,（9）television,（10）publicconcernandresearchattention.
Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration（11）bythemedia,isbodyimage.（12）forcescaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.（13）one,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing（14）ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof（15）beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers,（16）fromourtelevisionsandentertainus（17）themovies.Eveninadvertising,themassmedia（18）onacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha（19）definedstandardofattractiveness,a（n）（20）thatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.
（分数：
10.00）
（1）.[A]alternative[B]preference[C]substitute[D]representative（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（2）.[A]accomplishes[B]fulfills[C]provides[D]suffices（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（3）.[A]risk[B]mercy[C]height[D]expense（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（4）.[A]Absorbed[B]Attracted[C]Aroused[D]Addicted（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（5）.[A]identify[B]recognize[C]unify[D]equate（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（6）.[A]abundance[B]incidence[C]prevalence[D]recurrence（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（7）.[A]disposed[B]hidden[C]implicit[D]potential（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（8）.[A]merged[B]emerged[C]immerged[D]submerged（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（9）.[A]apartfrom[B]muchas[C]butfor[D]alongwith（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（10）.[A]promote[B]propel[C]prompt[D]prosper（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（11）.[A]inspired[B]imposed[C]delivered[D]contributed（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（12）.[A]External[B]Exterior[C]Explicit[D]Exposed（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（13）.[A]As[B]At[C]For[D]In（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（14）.[A]mark[B]effect[C]impact[D]shock（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（15）.[A]generalized[B]regularized[C]standardized[D]categorized（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（16）.[A]boom[B]bottom[C]brim[D]beam（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（17）.[A]over[B]with[C]on[D]at（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（18）.[A]play[B]take[C]profit[D]resort（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（19）.[A]barely[B]carefully[C]narrowly[D]subjectively（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（20）.[A]ideal[B]image[C]stereotype[D]criterion（分数：
0.50）
A.
B.
C.
D.
二、SectionⅡReadingCo（总题数：
0，分数：
0.00）
三、PartA（总题数：
0，分数：
0.00）
四、Text1（总题数：
1，分数：
10.00）
Childrenattendingschoolslocatedinhigh-trafficzoneshavea45percentincreasedriskofdevelopingasthma,eventhoughtimespentatschoolonlyaccountsforaboutone-thirdofachild'swakinghours,accordingtonewresearch.
Asthmaisthemostcommonchronicchildhoodillnessindevelopedcountriesandhasbeenlinkedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchastraffic-relatedairpollution."Whileresidentialtraffic-relatedpollutionhasbeenassociatedwithasthma,therehasbeenlittlestudyoftheeffectsoftrafficexposureatschoolonnewonsetasthma,"saysRobMcConnell,professorofpreventivemedicineatUSC'sKeckSchoolofMedicine."Exposuretopollutionatlocationsotherthanhome,especiallywherechildrenspendalargeportionoftheirdayandmayengageinphysicalactivity,appearstoinfluenceasthmariskaswell."
ThestudyappearsonlineinthejournalEnvironmentalHealthPerspectives.ThestudydrewupondatafromtheChildren'sHealthStudy（CHS）,alongitudinalstudyofchildreninSouthernCaliforniacommunitiesthatwasdesignedtoinvestigatethechroniceffectsofairpollutiononrespiratoryhealth.Usingacohortof2497kindergartenandfirstgradechildrenwhowereasthma-freewhentheyenteredthestudy,researchersexaminedtherelationshipoflocaltrafficaroundschoolsandhomestodiagnosisnewonsetasthmathatoccurredduringthreeyearsoffollow-up.Traffic-relatedpollutionexposurewasassessedbasedonamodelthattookintoaccounttrafficvolume,distancetomajorroadwaysfromhomeandschoolandlocalweatherconditions.
Regionalambientozone,nitrogendioxide（二氧化氮）andparticulatematterweremeasuredcontinuouslyatonecentralsiteineachofthe13studycommunities.Thedesignallowedinvestigatorstoexaminethejointeffectsoflocaltraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolandathomeandofregionalpollutionexposureaffectingtheentirecommunity.Researchersfound120casesofnewasthma.Theriskassociatedwithtraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolswasalmostashighasforresidentialexposure,andcombinedexposureaccountingfortimespentathomeandatschoolhadaslightlylargereffect.Althoughchildrenspendlesstimeatschoolthanathome,physicaleducation,andotheractivitiesthattakeplaceatschoolmayincreaseventilationratesandthedoseofpollutantsgettingintothelungs,McConnellnotes.Traffic-relatedpollutantlevelsmayalsobehigherduringthemorninghourswhenchildrenarearrivingatschool.
Despiteastatelawthatprohibitsschooldistrictsfrombuildingcampuseswithin500feetofafreeway,manySouthernCaliforniaschoolsarelocatednearhigh-trafficareas,includingbusysurfacestreets.
"It'simportanttounderstandhowthesemicro-environmentswherechildrenspentalotoftheirtimeoutsideofthehomeareimpactingtheirhealth,"McConnellsays."Policiesthatreduceexposuretohigh-trafficenvironmentsmayhelptopreventthisdisease."ThestudywasfundedbygrantsfromtheNationalInstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciences,theUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,theSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict,andtheHastingsFoundation.
（分数：
10.00）
（1）.WhichoneisNOTthereasonthatchildrenincreaseriskofdevelopingasthma?
[A]Thereexiststraffic-relatedpollution.[B]Schoolsarelocatedinheavy-trafficareas.
[C]Childrenarefrequentlyexposedtopollution.[D]Thevehiclesincreaserapidly.（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（2）.Whatkindofillnessdoes"asthma"belongto?
[A]Mentalsickness.[B]Respiratorydisease.[C]Influenza.[D]Infectiousdisease.（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（3）.WecaninferfromMcConnell'sviewthat______.
[A]therehasbeenlittlestudyoftheresidentialtraffic-relatedpollution
[B]activitiesthattakeplaceatschoolmayincreasetheriskofasthma
[C]traffic-relatedpollutantlevelislowerduringthemorninghours
[D]frequentexposuretooutdoorsappearstoinfluencetheriskofasthma（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（4）.Themethodofpreventingasthmaisto______.
[A]reduceexposuretoschools[B]domoreactivitiesathome
[C]reduceexposuretoheavytrafficzones[D]understandthemicro-environments（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D.
（5）.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
[A]InSouthernCalifornia,manyschoolsarelocatednearheavytrafficzones.
[B]Thestudywascarriedoutbymanyorganizations.
[C]RobMcConnellistheleaderofthestudy.
[D]Asthmaisthemostcommonchronicchildhoodillnessaroundtheworld.（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D.
五、Text2（总题数：
1，分数：
10.00）
Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingthatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicejobs,whichusedtobeconsideredsafefromforeigncompetition.Telecomschargeshavetumbled,allowingworkersinfar-flunglocationstobeconnectedcheaplytocustomersinthedevelopedworld.Thishasmadeitpossibletooffshoreservicesthatwereoncenon-tradable.MorganStanley'sMr.Roachhasbeendrawingattentiontothefactthatthe"globallabourarbitrage"ismovingrapidlytothebetterkindsofjobs.Itisnolongerjustbasicdataprocessingandcallcentresthatarebeingoutsourcedtolow-wagecountries,butalsosoftwareprogramming,medicaldiagnostics,engineeringdesign,law,accounting,financeandbusinessconsulting.Thesecannowbedeliveredelectronicallyfromanywhereintheworld,exposingskilledwhite-collarworkerstogreatercompetition.
Thestandardretorttosuchargumentsisthatoutsourcingabroadistoosmalltomattermuch.SofarfewerthanlmAmericanservice-sectorjobshavebeenlosttooff-shoring.ForresterResearchforecaststhatby2015atotalof3.4mjobsinserviceswillhavemovedabroad,butthatistinycomparedwiththe30mjobsdestroyedandcreatedinAmericaeveryyear.Thetroubleisthatsuchstudiesallowonlyforthesortsofjobsthatarealreadybeingoff-shored,wheninrealitytheproportionofjobsthatcanbemovedwillriseasITadvancesandeducationimprovesinemergingeconomies.
AlanBlinder,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,believesthatmosteconomistsareunderestimatingthedisruptiveeffectsofoff-shoring,andthatinfuturetwotothreetimesasmanyservicejobswillbesusceptibletooff-shoringasinmanufacturing.Thiswouldimplythatatleast30%ofalljobsmightbeatrisk.Inpracticethenumberofjobsoff-shoredtoChinaorInd
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