英语六级阅读理解练习题六.doc

英语六级阅读理解练习题六.doc

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生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。

于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。

生命中，不断地有得到和失落。

于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。

然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？

记住的，是不是永远不会消失？

英语六级阅读理解练习题（六）

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Likemostparents，geologistBrainAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter‘ssafety.Butthesedays，hehasanunusualconcern;Thepublicschoolshe___1___inSeattlehasunreinforcedbrickwalls，a___2___beingeasytocollapseduringearthquakes.Thesame___3___ofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

Adecadeago，Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears，heandotherscientistshavefound___4___signsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforadestructiveshockinthenearfuture.

AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember，researchersdiscussedthe___5___uncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeed___6___thisregion，agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

What’sworrisome，theysay，isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland，SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude，whichcouldshaketheregion‘s___7___centerswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseem___8___incomparison.

“Ithinkit’squitetruetosaythatnothinghasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind，”saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward.Atthemeeting，Somervilleandhiscolleagues___9___estimatesofthedegreeofshaking.PortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringsucha___10___earthquake.

A.massiveB.recentlyC.constructionD.displayed

E.relativelyF.attendsG.typeH.strike

I.structureJ.participatesK.excessiveL.mild

M.disturbingN.population0.presented

答案：

1.F2.C3.G4.M5.B6.H7.N8.L9.O10.A

Youareabouttogotothehospitalforaroutinesurgicalprocedure.Whichattitudeishealthier？

A.“I‘dbetterfindouteverythingIcanaboutthisoperation—youcanneverknowtoomuch.”

B.“Don’ttellmethedetails.It‘sgoingtobefine.”

AnswerBissupposedtobethewrongone.It’sanexampleofwhatpsychologistscall“denial，”adefencemechanismthatminimizesuncomfortableinformation.Denial，theyhaveargued，isstupid，self-defeatingandultimatelydangerous.

ButresearchisshowingthatanswerBisafasterroutetorecovery.Denial—ofacertainsortandatcertaintimes—canbehealthy.Ofcourse，youdoneedtopayattentiontosomeunpleasantfacts.Thetrickistoknowwhenit‘shelpfultoworryandwhenit’scounterproductive.

Out-and-outdenialmaybethebestapproachtosurgery，accordingtoRichardS.Lazarus，professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.WithFrancesCohen，Lazarusstudied61patientsabouttoundergooperations（allrelativelycommonoperations）。

Ingeneral，patientsfollowedoneoftwomentalstrategies;“avoidance”or“vigilance.”

Typically，avoidershadnotdiscussedtheirsurgeryindetailwithanyone，didn‘twanttoknowaboutitanddidn’tdwelluponitsrisks.

Incontrast，vigilanttypeswerealerttoeverydetail.Manysoughtoutarticlesabouttheirdisorders.Theywantedtoknowtherisksofsurgery，therisksifsurgerywasnotperformed，thesurgicalprocedures，thepotentialcomplicationsandthelikelihoodofrecurrence.

WhenLazarusandCohencomparedthetwogroupsaftersurgery，theyfoundthatavoidersgotonmuchbetter.Theyhadalowerincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationssuchasnausea（恶心），headache，feverandinfection.Thenetresult：

theyweredischargedsooner.

Onereasonmaybethattheirdenialmakeroomforhope，oratleastforapositiveoutlook，evenunderthegrimmestofconditions.“Neverdenythediagnosis，butdodenythenegativeopinionthatmaygowithit，”advisesNormanCousins，authorofAnatomyofanIllnessandTheHealingHeart.Why？

Becausegrimwarningsaboutdiseasescomefromstatisticsontheaveragecase.Cousinsbelievesthatmostpatients，givenhopeanddetermination，haveagoodchancetotranscendtheaverages.

AddsDr.Hackett：

“Deniersseethemachinesthey‘rehookeduptoashelpingthemtogetwell，notasasignofabadlyfunctioningheart.Thosewhofeelmostpositiveabouttheirabilitytogetwelltendtodobetterthanthosewhofearandworrymore.”

Ofcourse，noneoftheseresearcherswouldconcludethatdenialisthebestapproachtoallmedicalmatters.Adiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;akidneypatientmustkeeptrackofdialysis（透析）;awomanwhofindsalumpinherbreastmustnotdelayinhavingitdiagnosed.

Thequestiontoaskyourself，Dr.Lazarusexplains，iswhethertheinformationyougatherwillhelpyousolveaproblem，orwhetherthereislittleyoucandotochangethings.Inthefirstcase，payattentionandact.Inthesecondcase，don’tbecomepreoccupiedwiththerisks;anxietycanworsenyourhealth.

Dr.HerbertBenson，associateprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool，pointsoutthattheoverlyvigilantpatient‘scentralnervoussystembecomesarousedintothefight-or-flightresponse.Butsinceallthepatientcandoisliethere，hisbodysufferstheclassicdamagesofstress.

Whilestudyingpeople’sreactionstomedicalstress，TempleUniversitypsychologistSuzanneMillerandUniversityofPennsylvaniagynecologiconcologist（妇科肿瘤学）CharlesE.Manganplaced40womenabouttoundergocolposcopy（阴道镜检查）intwodifferentgroups，accordingtotheircopingstyle.

Miller‘smaininterestwastoseewhetheranyofthesewomenwouldcopebetteriftheyhadextrainformation.Shegavehalfofeachgroupvoluminousdetailsaboutwhatwouldhappenandhowtheywouldfeel;shegavetherestonlythebasicfacts.Overall，theresultsreinforcedthebenefitsofavoidance.Thewomengivenminimalinformationfeltmorerelaxedthroughouttheprocedurethanthewomenwhoknewmore.（Oddlyenough，thegroupdesiringinformationcomplainedthattheywouldhavelikedevenmore.Theveryactofgatheringdetailsseemedtomakethemlessanxious.）

Miller’sresearchshowsthatdifferentpeoplereacttonewsabouttheirsituationsinverydifferentways.Thatmeans，shesuggests，thatpeopleshouldseekasmuchoraslittleinformationastheirindividualcopingstyledictates.

Doestheresearchondenialmeanweshouldregress（倒退）tothedayswhenphysiciansusedtosay，“Don‘ttellpatientsanything，becausetheydon’treallywanttoknow？

”Hardly.Peoplehavearighttoknowwhatisgoingtohappentothem，andtotakepartindecisionsabouttheirtreatment.Butpatientscangetnecessaryinformationwithoutlearningalotofnerve-rackingdetailstheydon‘tneed.

Forexample，aphysiciancansay：

“YouhaveasuspiciousPaptest.Thenextprocedureiscalledcolposcopy;itwilltakefifteenminutes.”Thedoctordoesn’tneedtodescribeeverythingacolposcopedoes，feelslikeormightfind.Similarly，awomanshouldseekalltheoptionsifshehasasuspiciousPaptest，butonceshemakesadecision，sheshouldnotbeobsessedaboutit.

Youcouldsummarizetheresearchinasetofguidelines：

•Ingeneral，itisbesttoblockoutmedicalthreatsandworrieswhenthereisnothingyoucandoaboutthem—say，afteryou‘vedecidedtoundergosurgery.Don’tdwellonallthatcouldgowrongorvisualizeeveryfearfuldetail;concentrateinsteadonwhatislikelytogoright.

•Bevigilantaboutmattersthatyoucancontrol，suchaspayingattentiontosignsofillness.

•Findoutyourpersonaldispositiontoavoiddetailsortoacquireallinformationpossible，andletyourowninclinationbeyourguide—butonlyuptoapoint.“Manyofthosewhogatheranyandallfactsareputtingthemselvesthroughmorestressthantheyneedto，”Millersays.Sheadvisesthemtolearnwhentheirapproachwillonlyincreasetheiranxiety.Inthosecases，they‘ddobettertoturnofftheirradar.Ontheotherhand，avoidersshouldrecognizewhenitisvaluabletogathermorefactsthantheymightliketo.

Thebasicadviceisclear：

don’tfeelguiltyifyoudecidetotaketherosyview.Concentratingonthepositiveturnsouttobemedicallysound.

1.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatifyouwereavigilantpatient，youshouldlearntoadoptanewstrategyofavoidancebecauseitbringsyoulessstress.

2.Thedoctorsarediscoveringthatthebestmedicineisoftensimplytodenytheworstandexpectthebest.

3.Millerdividedthewomenpatientsintotwogroupsatwillandprovidedeachgroupwitheitherdetailedorbasicinformationinordertofindoutwhowouldgetonbetter.

4.Basedonthefindingsoftheresearches，doctorsfindithardtodecidewhethertheyshouldtellpatientsanythingabouttheirillness.

5.Psychologistshavechangedtheiropinionthatitisstupidanddangerousforpeopletodenyuncomfortableinformation.

6.Atipforbothdeniersandvigilantpatientsis：

avoiddetailsoracquiremuchinformationfollowingyourowncopingstyle，butonlytoacertainpoint.

7.Itisunnecessaryforpatientstogetinformationabouttheirdisordersbecausethereisnothingtheycandoabouttheirillness.

8.Patientsgenerallyfallintotwogroups：

_______and_______.

9.“Adiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;”helpsexplainthat_______toallcases.

10.Allpatientsshouldpayattentionto_______.

答案：

I.N2.Y3.N4.N5.NG6.Y7.N

8.avoiders，deniers9.denialisnotthebestapproach10.signsofillness

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafetyrecordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars;butnevertheless，about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlargeschoolbuses，andnearlyfourti