土木工程专业外语结课论文文档格式.docx
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WewillclassifytheprospectofcivilengineeringanalysisforustofurtherunderstandthewayofCivilEngineering.
Keyword:
CivilEngineeringDevelopmentClassification
一、Introduction.
Throughthiscourse,Igottoknowandunderstandtheirownprofessionalandindustryinthefutureareengagedin,butalsostimulatetheinterestofcivilengineering.Alampthatcourseislikethevastsea,isjustfromthewaywespecifiedthedirection,nomatterfromwhichangleisverymeaningful.Inthefuturecourseofstudy,wewillthenworkharder.ThefollowingismyafterlearningthiscoursealittleonCivilEngineeringknowledge.
Civilengineeringisthegeneraltermfortheconstructionofvariousengineeringfacilitiesinscience,technologyandengineering.Itreferstothehumanlife,productionofvariouskindsofengineeringfacilities,suchasbuildingengineering,roadengineering,bridgeengineering,railwayengineering,portengineering,alsoreferstotheuseofmaterials,equipmentinthelandofreconnaissance,design,construction,engineeringandtechnicalactivities.Civilengineeringisoneofthepioneersoftheneedsofthesocietyandthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology"
clothing,food,live,row"
;
heinanycountryinthenationaleconomyoccupiesthepositionofplayadecisiverole.
二、ThebasicpropertiesofCivilEngineering
(1)、Comprehensive
Aprojecttobuildthefacilitiesingeneraltogothroughinvestigation,designandconstructioninthreestages,needknowledgeandcomputerandmechanicaltesting,theuseofgeologicalprospectingprojects,hydrogeologicalsurvey,engineeringsurvey,soilmechanics,engineeringmechanics,engineeringdesign,buildingmaterials,constructionequipment,engineeringmachinery,buildingtheeconomy,andtheconstructiontechnology,constructionorganizationandotherareasoftechnology.Civilengineeringisthereforeabroadrangeofintegrateddisciplines.
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologydevelopmentandengineeringpractice,thecivilengineeringdisciplineshavealsobeendevelopedintoacomprehensivesystemofbroadconnotation,categorynumerous,complicatedstructure.Forexample,theengineeringfacilitiesconstructionofcivilengineeringusefunction,homelivingforsomepurposes,andasa"
belaidtorest"
grave;
assomeproductionactivities;
someareusefulforseaandairtransport;
someareusedforwaterconservancy;
othersasatoolforinformationtransmission;
someasenergytransmissionmethodsetc..Thisrequirestheintegrateduseofvariouscivilengineeringmaterialconditions,tomeetthediverseneedsof.Civilengineeringhasdevelopedmanybranches,suchasbuildingengineering,railwayengineering,roadengineering,airportengineering,bridgeengineering,tunnelandundergroundengineering,specialengineeringstructure,watersupplyanddrainageengineering,cityheatingandgassupplyengineering,portengineering,waterconservancyengineering.Someofthesebranches,suchaswaterconservancyproject,duetothedevelopmentofitsobjectisgrowingandspecializedinscienceandtechnology,hasbeenfromthecivilengineeringdivisionbyanindependentdisciplinarysystem,buttheyarestillverymuchhasthecommonfeaturesofcivilengineering.
(2)、Social
Civilengineeringisaccompaniedbythedevelopmentofhumansocietyandthedevelopmentof.Itworksintheconstructionoffacilitiesreflectthefaceofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,technology,science,cultureineveryhistoricalperiod,sothecivilengineeringhasbecomeoneofthesocialandhistoricaldevelopmentofthewitness.Inancienttimes,peoplebegantobuildsimplehouses,roads,bridgesandfarmland,tomeetthesimplelifeandproductionneeds.Later,peopleinordertoadapttothewar,productionanddisseminationofreligiouslifeandtheneedtobuildthecity,canals,,palaces,templesandotherbuildings.Manywell-knownworksshowninthishistoricalperiodofhumancreativity.Forexample,ChinatheGreatWall,Dujiangyan,theGrandeCanale,theZhaozhouBridge,theYingxianWoodTower,thePyramidofEgypt,Greece'
sParthenon,Rome'
swatersupplyproject,KoloSimArena(RomeColiseum),andmanyotherfamouschurches,palaces.
Aftertheindustrialrevolution,especiallyintwentiethCentury,ontheonehandisthesocietyputsforwardnewrequirementstothecivilengineering;
ontheotherhand,eachfieldofthesocietytocreategoodconditionsfortheadvancementofcivilengineering.Suchasbuildingmaterials(steel,cement)forindustrialproduction,machineryandenergytechnologyanddesigntheoryofprogress,haveprovidedmaterialandtechnicalguaranteeforcivilengineering.Thusthisperiodofcivilengineeringhasmakeaspurtofprogressofdevelopment.Intherestoftheworldinthemodernlarge-scaleindustrialplants,skyscrapers,nuclearpowerplants,highwaysandrailways,long-spanbridge,largediameterpipeline,longtunnel,theGrandeCanale,bigdams,bigairport,portandmarineengineeringetc..Moderncivilengineeringtocreateanewphysicalenvironmentforthehumansociety,hasbecomeanimportantpartofmoderncivilizationofhumansociety.
(3)Practicality
Civilengineeringisaverypracticalsubject.Intheearlydays,throughthecivilengineeringpractice,summingupsuccessfulexperience,especiallydrawlessonsfromthefailureofdeveloped.FromthebeginningofseventeenthCentury,withGalileoandNewtonasacombinationofpilotwiththemechanicsofthemoderncivilengineeringpractice,graduallyformedthemechanicalmaterialmechanics,structuralmechanics,fluidmechanics,rockmass,asthebasisofthetheoryofcivilengineeringdiscipline.Thisexperienceincivilengineeringfromthegraduallydevelopedintoascience.Intheprocessofthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,engineeringpracticeoftenfirstexperienceintheory,engineeringaccidentsoftenshowanewunforeseenfactors,triggeringanewtheoryofresearchanddevelopment.Yetmanyengineeringproblems,stillrelyonpracticalexperienceintheverygreatdegree.
Thedevelopmentofcivilengineeringtechnologywiththemainreasonforengineeringpracticeandnotbyvirtueofscientificexperimentsandtheoreticalstudies,fortworeasons:
oneissomeobjectiveconditionsaretoocomplex,difficulttofaithfullycarryoutlaboratoryorfieldtestingandanalysis.Forexample,thefoundation,tunnelandundergroundengineeringbytheforceanddeformationofthestateanditschangesovertime,stillneedtorefertoananalysisofengineeringexperiencetojudge.Twoisonlyanewengineeringpractice,inordertorevealnewproblems.Forexample,theconstructionofahigh-risebuildings,high-risetowerandmastspanbridges,windandearthquakeengineeringproblemshighlighted,inordertodevelopthisnewtheoryandtechnology.
Theunityofthepeopleoftechnology,economicandarchitecturalartistobuildaneconomicandengineeringfacilities,scheduledtomeettheneedsofusers,includingaestheticrequirements.Andaprojecteconomyiscloselyrelatedtothetechnologyandactivities.Firstofallworksoftheeconomicperformanceoflocation,overallplanninginengineering,followedbytheperformanceinthedesignandconstructiontechnology.Thetotalinvestmentinconstructionprojects,duringtheeconomicbenefitsanduseprojectafterthecompletionoftherepaircosts,itistheimportantmeasureofEngineeringeconomy.Closelylinkedtothesetechnicalproblems,needtoconsider.
Meettheperformancerequirementsofthecivilengineeringfacilitiesasaspaceforart,firstofallthroughthegenerallayout,itsshape,size,proportionofeachpartofthelines,colors,darkshadowwiththesurroundingenvironment,includingitscoordinationwiththenatureharmoniousshows;
thesecondisreflectedbytheattachedtothelocaladornmentengineeringfacilities.Themodellingofengineeringfacilitiesanddecorationcanalsoshowthelocalstyle,ethnicstyleandthestyleofthetimes.Asuccessful,beautifulengineeringfacilities,canthesceneryaroundtown,theappearanceofbeauty,givepeopletheenjoymentofbeauty;
onthecontrary,willdamagetheenvironment.
Inthelong-termpracticeofcivilengineering,peoplenotonlybuildinggreatattentiontothearts,hasmadeoutstandingachievements;
andotherworks,butalsothroughtheuseofdifferentbuildingmaterials,suchastheuseofstone,steelandreinforcedconcrete,constructionofmanyintheartsisverybeautiful,functionalandverygoodprojectcooperationthenaturalenvironment.TheancientChinatheGreatWall,themodernworld,manyofthetelevisiontowerandthebridge,areexamplesinthisregard.
三、TheevolutionhistoryofCivilEngineering
Theancientancientcivilengineeringcivilengineeringhasalongtimespan,itroughlyfrom5000BCduringthenewstoneagetothemiddleoftheseventeenthCentury,beforeandafterabout7000.Thebrilliantachievementshavebeenachievedinbuilding,bridgeengineering,waterconservancy,towerengineeringetc..Someancientcivilizationsofmanyfamousmasterpiece,stillstandasfirmasarock.Forexample,China'
stheGreatWall,thePyramidofEgypt.BuiltinsixthCenturyadZhaozhouBridgeopenshouldertypearchbridge,istheworld'
sfirst,in1991bytheUSAsocietyofcivilengineeringpickedforthe12Shangdicivilengineeringmilepost.
Inmoderncivilengineeringcivilengineeringofthetimespanfrommidsevente