1984年版高中英语课本第一册.docx

1984年版高中英语课本第一册.docx

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1984年版高中英语课本第一册

1984年版高中英语课本第一册

LESSON1HOWMARXLEARNEDFOREIGNLANGUAGES

马克思怎样学习外语

　　KarlMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.HestayedinBelgiumforafewyears;thenhewenttoFrance.Beforelonghehadtomoveonagain.In1849,hewenttoEnglandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.

　　MarxhadlearnedsomeFrenchandEnglishatschool.WhenhegottoEngland,hefoundthathisEnglishwastoolimited.Hestartedworkinghardtoimproveit.HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper.Infact,hisEnglishinoneofthesearticleswassogoodthatEngelswrotehimaletterandpraisedhimforit.MarxwrotebacktosaythatEngels'praisehadgreatlyencouragedhim.However,hewentontoexplainthathewasnottoosureabouttwothings--thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.

　　Theseletterswerewrittenin1853.Intheyearsthatfollowed,MarxkeptonstudyingEnglishandusingit.Whenhewroteoneofhisgreatworks,TheCivilWarinFrance,hehadmasteredthelanguagesowellthathewasabletowritethebookinEnglish.

　　Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantolearnRussian.AttheendofsixmonthshehadlearnedenoughtoreadarticlesandreportsinRussian.

　　Inoneofhisbooks,Marxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.Hesaidwhenpeoplearelearningaforeignlanguage,theyshouldnottranslateeverythingintotheirownlanguage.Iftheydothis,itshowstheyhavenotmasteredit.Whentheyusedtheforeignlanguage,theyshouldtrytoforgetallabouttheirown.Iftheycannotdothis,theyhavenotreallylearnedthespiritoftheforeignlanguageandcannotuseitfreely.

LESSON2ATHOMEINTHEFUTURE

未来的家

Amedicalexaminationwithoutadoctorornurseintheroom?

Doingshoppingathome?

Borrowingbooksfromthelibrarywithoutleavingyourhome?

Theseideasmayseemstrangetoyou.Butscientistsareworkinghardtoturnthemintorealities.

Letussupposewecanvisitahomeattheendofthiscentury.WewillvisitaboynamedCharlieGreen.Heisnotfeelingwellthismorning.Hismother,MrsGreen,wantsthedoctortoseehim.Thatis,shewantsthedoctortolistentohim.ShebringsasetofwirestoCharlie'sroom.Thesewiresarecalledsensors.Sheplacesonesensorinhismouthandoneonhischest.Sheputsanotheronearoundhiswristandoneonhisforehead.Thensheplugsthesensorsintoawalloutlet.Shesaysthecode"TCP".Thismeans"telephonecallplaced."Alittlelightflashesonthewall.TheGreen'swirelesstelephoneisreadyforacall.

MrsGreensays"2478",thedoctor'stelephonenumber.Fromaspeakeronthewallcomesthedoctor'svoice:

"Goodmorning."

"Goodmorning,DrScott,"answersMrsGreen."Charlieisn'tfeelingtoowellthismorning.I'veputthesensorsonhim.Iwonderifyoucanexaminehimnow."

"Sure,"thedoctor'svoicesays."Well,hedoesn'thaveafever.Andhispulseisfine.Now,breathedeeply,Charlie."

Charliedoesso.

"Justalittlecold,"saysthedoctor."Betterstayinsidetoday,Charlie.Andtakeiteasy."

"Thankyou,Doctor,"saysMrsGreen."TCC（telephonecallcompleted）."Thelightonthewallturnsoff.Thephonecallandtheexaminationarefinished.

"Charlie,"saysMrsGreen,"sinceyouhavetostayathome,whydon'tyoudosomeshopping?

Youcanpickoutyournewbicycle.Afterall,yourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway."

"Great,"Charlieanswers.

Charlieandhismothersitinfrontofoneofthevisionphones.Thereareseveralintheirhouse.

"TCP,"saysCharlie.Thewordreadyappearsonthescreenofthevisionphone.

"NewForestBicycleShop,"avoicesays."MayIhelpyou?

"

Charlieanswers,"I'dliketoseeyourten-speedbicycles."

Inthenextfewminutes,picturesofmanymodelsofthebicyclesareflashedonthecreen.Thepriceofeachmodelisalsoshown.

Thenthevoiceasks,"Areyouinterestedinanyofthesemodels?

"

"Yes,I'minterestedinmodel6."

"Doyouwishtoplaceanorderatthistime?

"

"Notjustyet,"answersMrsGreen."Myson'sbirthdayisintwoweeks'time.Thankyou.TCC."

Thevisionphoneshutsoff.

Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.

LESSON3THEBLINDMENANDTHEELEPHANT

盲人和象

　　OnceuponatimethereweresixblindmenwholivedinavillageinIndia.Everydaytheywenttotheroadnearbyandstoodtherebegging.Theyhadoftenheardofelephants,buttheyhadneverseenone,for,beingblind,howcouldthey?

　　Onemorninganelephantwasleddowntheroadwheretheystood.Whentheyheardthatanelephantwaspassingby,theyaskedthedrivertostopthebeastsothattheycouldhavea"look".

　　Ofcoursetheycouldnotlookathimwiththeireyes,buttheythoughttheymightlearnwhatkindofanimalhewasbytouchingandfeelinghim.For,yousee,theytrusttheirownsenseoftouchverymuch.

　　Thefirstblindmanhappenedtoplacehishandontheelephant'sside."Well,well,"hesaid."Thisbeastisexactlylikeawall."

　　Thesecondgraspedoneoftheelephant'stusksandfeltit."You'requitemistaken,"hesaid."He'sroundandsmoothandsharp.He'smorelikeaspearthananythingelse."

　　Thethirdhappenedtotakeholdoftheelephant'strunk."You'rebothcompletelywrong,"hesaid."Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee."

　　Thefourthopenedbothhisarmstheclosedthemaroundoneoftheelephant'slegs."Oh,howblindyouare!

"hecried."It'sveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree."

　　Thefifthwasaverytallman,andhecaughtoneoftheelephant'sears."Eventheblindestpersonmustseethatthiselephantisn'tlikeanyofthethingsyouname."hesiad."He'sexactlylikeahugefan."

　　Thesixthmanwentforwardtofeeltheelephant.Hewasoldandslowandittookhimquitesometimetofindtheelephantatall.Atlasthegotholdofthebeast'stail."Oh,howsillyyouallare!

"criedhe."Theelephantisn'tlikeawall,oraspear,orasnake,oratree;neitherishelikeafan.Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope."

　　Thenthedriverandtheelephantmovedon,andthesixmensatbytheroadsideallday,quarrellingabouttheelephant.Theycouldnotagreewithoneanother,becauseeachbelievedthatheknewjustwhatthebeastlookedlike.

　　Itisnotonlyblindmenwhomakesuchstupidmistakes.Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.

LESSON4GALILEOANDARISTOTLE

伽利略和亚里斯多德

　　About2300yearsago,therelivedinGreeceagreatthinkernamedAristotle.Heobservedthatfeathersfelltothegroundslowly,whilestonesfellmuchfaster.Hethoughtitovercarefullyandconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.Hisconclusioncertainlysoundedreasonale.Butwenowknowthatitisnottrue.

　　Inthosedayspeopleseldomdidexperimentstotesttheirideas.Whentheyobservedanythingthathappened,theythoughtaboutitandthendrewaconclusion.OnceAristotlemadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.AndbecausehewasAristotle,thegreatthinker,noonequestionedhisideaforalmost2000years.

　　Then,almost400yearsago,anItalianscientistnamedGalileobegantoquestionAristotle'stheoryoffallingobjects.HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.HedecidedtodosomeexperimentstotestAristotle'stheory.

　　GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.FromthetopofthetowerGalileodroppedalightballandaheavyballatexactlythesametime.Theybothfellataboutthesamespeedandhitthegroundtogether.Hetriedtheexperimentsagainandagain.Everytimehegotthesameresult.Atlast,hedecidedthathehadfoundthetruthaboutfallingobjects.Asweknownow,heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback.Afeatherfallsslowerthanastoneonlybecausetheairholdsthefeatherbackmorethanitdoesthestone.

　　WhenGalileotoldpeopleofhisdiscovery,noonewouldbelivehim.ButGalileowasnotdiscouraged.Hewentondoingexperimentstotestthetruthofotheroldideas.Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.Hecollectedfactsthatprovedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.

　　TodaywepraiseGalileoandcallhimoneofthefoundersofmodernscience.Heobservedthingscarefullyandnevertookanythingforgranted.Instead,hedidexperimentstotestandproveanideabeforehewasreadytoacceptit.

　　AnexperimentwasdoneonthemooninJuly,1971.OneoftheUSastronautswhomadethefirstdeepspacewalkonthemoondroppedahammerandafeathertogether.Theybothlandedonthesurfaceofthemoonatthesametime.ThisexperimentprovedthatGalileo'stheoryoffallingobjectsistrue.

LESSON5THELOSTNECKLACE

丢失的项链

Place:

aparkinParis

Time:

asummerafternoonin1870

People:

MathildeLoisel,wife

　　　PierreLoisel,husband

　　　JeanneForrestier,theirfriend

（Jeanneissittinginthepark.Mathildewalkstowardsher,shestopsandspeakstoJeanne.）

Mathilde:

Goodafternoon,Jeanne.

Jeanne:

（Lookingattheotherwoman）I'msorry,butIdon'tthinkIknowyou.

Mathilde:

No,youwouldn't,butmanyyearsagoyouknewmewell.I'mMathildeLoisel.

Jeanne:

Mathilde!

Myoldschoolfriend.Isitpossible?

Butyes,ofcourseitis.NowIremember.Wherehaveyoubeenalltheseyears,Mathilde?

Ihopeyouweren'till.

Mathilde:

No,Jeanne,Iwasn'till.Youseehereanoldwoman.Butit'sbecauseofhardwork-ten