清华04考博试题.docx

清华04考博试题.docx

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清华04考博试题

PartⅡVocabulary（10%）

 Directions:

Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestonethatcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWETSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

21.The__________ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

A.clash                       B.clarify                     C.clarity                     D.clatter

22.Businessinthisareahasbeen__________becausepricesaretoohigh.

A.prosperous        B.secretive           C.slack             D.shrill

23.Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad__________whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

A.plight             B.polarization       C.plague            D.pigment

24.Headdeda__________tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

A.presidency        B.prestige          C.postscript        D.preliminary

25.Somelinguistsbelievethatthe__________ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

A.optimistic         B.optional           C.optimal          D.oppressed

26.Itallstartedin1950,whenpeoplebegantobuildtheirhousesonthe__________oftheircities.

A.paradises               B.omissions        C.orchards         D.outskirts

27.Themeetingwas__________overbythemayorofthecity.

A.presumed        B.proposed         C.presented               D.presided

28.Thecrowd__________intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

A.outgrew                B.overthrew        C.overpassed       D.overflew

29.Itwasclearthatthestorm__________hisarrivalbytwohours.

A.retarded          B.retired            C.refrained         D.retreated

30.Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes__________overalltheotherissues.

A.precedence       B.prosperity        C.presumption       D.probability

31.Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas__________.

A.torrent           B.transient          C.tensile            D.textured

32.Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis__________ideaaboutthetrip.

A.weary            B.twilight          C.unanimous        D.weird

33.Theflowerunderthesunwould__________quicklywithoutanyprotection.

A.wink              B.withhold         C.wither            D.widower

34.The__________ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

A.segregation       B.specification            C.spectrum          D.subscription

35.He__________himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

A.repealed          B.resented                C.relayed           D.reproached

36.Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa__________event.

A.cholesterol        B.charcoal                C.catastrophic             D.chronic

37.Hecutthestringandheldupthetwo__________totiethebox.

A.segments               B.sediments              C.seizures                D.secretes

38.Allthemusicinstrumentsintheorchestrawillbe__________beforeitstarts.

A.civilized          B.chattered               C.chambered        D.chorded

39.Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe__________.

A.commenced       B.compressed            C.compromised      D.compensated

40.Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem__________todifferentpublishers.

A.sensationally       B.simultaneously         C.strenuously        D.simply

PartⅢ  ReadingComprehension（40%）

 Directions:

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsofunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Eachyear,millionsofpeopleinBangladeshdrinkgroundwaterthathasbeenpollutedbynaturallyhighlevelsofarsenicpoison.Findingsafedrinkingwaterinthatcountrycanbeaproblem.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterpriseshasalow-costanswer.Thisnon-governmentalorganizationhasdevelopedtechnologytoharvestrainwater.

Peoplearoundtheworldhavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.Itisasafe,dependablesourceofdrinkingwater.Unlikegroundwater,rainwatercontainsnomineralsorsaltsandisfreeofchemicaltreatments.Bestofall,itisfree.

TherainwaterharvestingsystemcreatedbyInternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesusespipestocollectwaterfromthetopsofbuildings.Thepipesstretchfromthetopsofbuildingstoatwo-metertallstoragetankmadeofmetal.Atthetopofthetankisaso-called“first-flush”devicemadeofwirescreen.Thisbarrierpreventsdirtandleavesinthewaterfromfallinginsidethetank.

Afittedcoversitsoverthe“first-flush”device.Itprotectsthewaterinsidethetankfromevaporating.Thecoveralsopreventsmosquitoinsectsfromlayingeggsinthewater.

Insidethetankisalowcoatplasticbagthatcollectsthewater.Thebagsitsinsideanotherplasticbagsimilartothoseusedtoholdgrains.Thetwobagsaresupportedinsidethemetaltank.Alltotal,thewaterstoragesystemcanholduptothree-thousand-five-hundredlitersofwater.InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaystheinnerbagsmayneedtobereplacedeverytwotothreeyears.However,ifthebagsarenotdamagedbysunlight,theycouldlastevenlonger.

InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaysthewaterharvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaraisedstructuretopreventinsectsfromeatingintoitatthebottom.Thetotalcosttobuildthisrainwaterharvestingsystemisaboutfortydollars.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesexpectsthepricetodropovertime.Thegroupsaysonetankcanprovideafamilyoffivewithenoughrainwatertosurviveafive-monthdryseason.

41.PeopleinBangladeshcanuse__________asasafesourceofdrinkingwater.

A.groundwater       B.rainwater         C.drinkingwater         D.freshwater

42.Whichofthefollowingcontributestothelow-costofusingrainwater?

A.Rainwaterisfreeofchemicaltreatments.

B.Peoplehavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.

C.Thewaterharvestingsystemisbuiltonaplatform.

D.Rainwatercanbecollectedusingpipes.

43.Whichofthefollowingactuallypreventsdirtandleavesfromfallinginsidethetank?

A.abarrier          B.awirescreen       C.afirst-flush                D.astoragetank

44.Thebagsusedtoholdwaterarelikelytobedamagedby__________.

A.mosquitoinsects             B.afittedcover        C.afirst-flushdevice     D.sunlight

45.Whatshouldbedonetopreventinsectsfromeatingintothewaterharvestingsystematthebottom?

A.Thetwobagsholdingthewatershouldbeputinsidethemetaltank.

B.Theinnerbagsneedtobereplacedeverytwoyears.

C.Thewaterharvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaplatform.

D.Acovershouldbeusedtopreventinsectsfromeatingit.

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters,othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'sownhappinessandwell-be