高一英语阅读理解人生百味真题汇编含答案及解析.docx

高一英语阅读理解人生百味真题汇编含答案及解析.docx

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高一英语阅读理解人生百味真题汇编含答案及解析

高一英语阅读理解（人生百味）真题汇编（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类

1．阅读理解

   In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

   ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

   ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

 fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.

   Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?

Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:

jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.

   SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.

（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?

A. Tointroducethetopic.

B. TomentionNigel'sfeat.

C. Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.

D. TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.

（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?

A. Besuperiorto                 

B. Beinferiorto                 

C. Besimilarto                 

D. Berelatedto

（3）Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?

A. Thewriter.            

B. Theshopassistant.            

C. Thebabysitter.            

D. Thepsychologist.

（4）WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?

A. LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.

B. Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.

C. Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.

D. Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（NigelRichards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。

但是,他不会说法语。

其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。

而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。

结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

首先,有创造性的工作。

人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。

也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。

排除A；再根据第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:

jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   OlympicNationalPark,withitstemperaterainforestsandbreath-takingviews,exertsanaturalpullonmanyPacificNorthwestemers.ButSeattlewriterRosetteRoyalefounditrepellent.ToRoyale,theparkseemedlikeadamp,dirtyandunpleasantplace."Icouldn'tfigureoutwhyanyonewouldwanttocarrya50-poundpackintothewildernessandcamptherefordays,"hesaid."Itdidn'tmakesense."

   ThenhemetBryantCarlin,avendor（小贩）forRealChange,theSeattleweeklysoldonthestreetbyvendorswhoarehomelessorlow-wageearners.Hewasalsoaskilledoutdoorsmanandanaturephotographerwhowouldtakeweeks-longphotographicjourneystothepark.Thetwomenconnectedinthefallof2011whenRoyaleinterviewedCarlinforafeaturestoryinRealChangeaboutCarlin'sphotography.

   Thatfirsttimetheymet—andforyearsafterward—CarlininvitedRoyaletogocampingwithhim.Eachtime,Royalesaid"Thanks,butnothanks."Untiloneday,inthespringof2015,Royalesurprisedhimselfbysayingyes."LittledidIknow,"saidRoyale,"thatsaying'yes'wouldchangethecourseofmylife."

   RoyaleandCarlinwentonfiveseparatejourneystotheOlympicwilderness.Theycampedinspring,summer,fallandwinter.ForRoyale,thetripswereexhaustingandterrifying.Butthetripswerealsoinspiring,andhelpedRoyale—ablack,strangeman—todeveloparelationshipwiththeoutdoorsthathehadneverexperiencedbefore.

   ForCarlin,thetripswereanopportunitytothrowoffthelabelof"homeless".InOlympicNationalPark,sleepingoutsidejustmeansyou'reacamper.ButtherewasoneaspectofCarlin'slifeinthecitythathecouldn'tescape:

alcoholabuse.Whileheneverbroughtbeerontheircampingjourneys,theeffectsofyearsofdrinkingweren'tsoeasytoleavebehind.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"repellent"inparagraph1mean?

A.Appealing.

B.Puzzling.

C.Rewarding.

D.Disgusting.

（2）AccordingtoRoyale,whatmadehislifecoursechanged?

A.HisfirstmeetingwithCarlin.

B.HisrejectionofCarlin'sinvitation.

C.HiscampingtripswithCarlin.

D.HisreadingofCarlin'sfeaturestory.

（3）WhatdidthetripswithRoyalemeantoCarlin?

A.Theyimprovedhisphotographyskills.

B.Theyhelpedhimfeelasenseofbelonging.

C.Theydeepenedhisrelationshipwithnature.

D.Theyenabledhimtogetridofalcoholaddiction.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】文章主要讲了罗亚尔和卡林的奥林匹克国家公园露营之旅对各自产生的意义。

（1）词义猜测题。

根据第一段ToRoyale,theparkseemedlikeadamp,dirtyandunpleasantplace.对罗亚尔来说，公园似乎是一个潮湿、肮脏和令人不快的地方。

由此可知，ButSeattlewriterRosetteRoyalefounditrepellent.的意思是但西雅图作家罗亚尔却发现它是令人厌恶的。

A.Appealing.吸引人的；B.Puzzling.令人迷惑的；C.Rewarding.有益的；D.Disgusting.令人厌恶的。

故选D。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段“LittledidIknow,”saidRoyale,“thatsaying'yes'wouldchangethecourseofmylife.”（“我不知道，”罗亚尔说，“说‘是’会改变我的人生轨迹。

”）可知，罗亚尔认为，是他和卡林的露营之旅改变了他的人生轨迹。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段ForCarlin,thetripswereanopportunitytothrowoffthelabelof“homeless".对卡林来说，这些旅行是一个摆脱“无家可归”标签的机会。

推断出，与罗亚尔的旅行对卡林意味着它们帮助他感到一种归属感。

故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

涉及词义猜测题，细节理解题和推理判断题。

词义猜测题应根据上下文以及文章所表达的感情色彩推测划线词的含义；细节理解题要注意从文章中寻找答案；推理判断题要仔细阅读上下文，推测出所需信息。

3．阅读理解

   WhenIwasabout5yearsold,Iexperiencedmyveryfirstrandomactofkindness.Iwassittingattheroadsideoneevening,cryingaloneforsomereasonwhensuddenly,aboycameuptomeandgavemeaplasticrose,IrememberthemomentwhenItooktherosefromhishand;Iwassmilingfromeartoear,whispering"Iwanttobelikehim"tomyselfasIwatchedhimwalkingaway.

   Fromthenon,ImadeitasmylifemissiontodorandomactsofkindnesswheneverIcan.Iwasverydeterminedtomakeotherpeoplesmile.ThatwastheonlyreasonwhyIjoinedmyschool'sRedCrescentSocietyandbecameavolunteer.Unfortunately,noteveryonethinksinthesamewayasIdid.WheneverIdosomethingnicetoothers,peoplearoundmewillstarttojudgemyactions.OftenIwilljustkeepquietandignorewhattheysay,buteveryonceinawhile,theydodrivemeupthewall.

   Thesepeopleliketocomplainabouthowhumansnowadaysarelackingofhumanitiesandcompassion.However,whentheyactuallyseesomebodydoingagooddeedinfrontofthem,theystarttoquestionandcriticizethatperson'shonesty.Perhapsitistheincreasingcrimerateandthenever-endingratracethatcausedthemtobesosuspicioustonicestrangers.Inotherwords,peoplenowadayshavelostsightoftherealmeaningofkindnessandjustletitgounnoticed.ThatiswhyIthinkrandomactsofkindnessarereallyimportant.Theseselflessactsarenotonlycapableofbringingjoytothereceiversbutalsotothegivers.Becauseofthis,Iwanttohelpspreadtheideaoftheserandomactstothewholeworld.Iwanttoshowthepeoplehowthelittlethingstheygivecouldmakeabigdifferenceinsomeoneelse'slife.

（1）Whatwastheinfluenceoftheboy'sroseontheauthor?

A. Itmadetheauthorfeelashamed.                   B. Theauthordecidedtofollowsuit.

C. Theauthorsaidalottotheboy.                     

D. Itgavetheauthorstrengthandhope.

（2）Whydidtheauthorjointheschool'sRedCrescentSociety?

A. Tobeavolunteer.                                             

B. Toliveahappylife.

C. Tomakeotherssmile.                                      

D. Tohaveagoodtime.

（3）WhichcanreplacetheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2?

A. Makemeveryangry.                                       

B. Bringdifficultytome.

C. Forcemetoclimbthewall.                             

D. Forcemetothedeadcorner.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由小时候第一次经历随机的善意行为得到启发，加入了学校的RedCrescentSociety想让别人微笑。

但每当作者对别人做了好事，周围的人就会开始评判作者的行为。

作者认为这些人喜欢抱怨现在的人类是多么缺乏人文和同情心。

然而，当他们真正看到某人在他们面前做好事时，他们开始质疑和批评这个人的诚实。

正