真题阅读理解专项+1.docx

真题阅读理解专项+1.docx

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真题阅读理解专项+1

真题阅读理解专项1

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids（小行星）now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.

Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids（流星）thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon’tthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.

Buy$50millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow.Thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay,we’llhaveawaytochangeitscourse.

Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons.Butthecostwouldn’tbecheap.

Isitworthit?

Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskre:

1）Howlikelytheeventis;and2）Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.Soundsprettyrare—butifonedidfall,itwouldbetheendoftheworld.“Ifwedon’ttakecareofthesebigasteroids,they’lltakecareofus,”saysonescientist.“It’sthatsimple.”

Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth?

“Theworldhaslesstofearfromdoomsday（毁灭性的）rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem,”saidaNewYorkTimesarticle.

21.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroids?

A）Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.

B）Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.

C）Therearemoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.

D）Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.（B）

22.WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?

A）Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.

B）Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.

C）CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.

D）It’sstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.（A）

23.Whatdopeoplethinkofthesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecoursesofasteroids?

A）Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.

B）Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.

C）ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.

D）Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.（B）

24.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.

A）whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworld

B）asteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfuture

C）theworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetime

D）workablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth（D）

25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthispassage?

A）Optimistic.

B）Critical.

C）Objective.

D）Arbitrary.（C）

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Believeitornot,opticalillusion（错觉）cancuthighwaycrashes.

Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons（人字形）,paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.

NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.

Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest—curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.

Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.

Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.

26.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.

A）anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol

B）anewpatternforpaintinghighways

C）anewapproachtotrainingdrivers

D）anewtypeofopticalillusion（A）

27.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat________.

A）theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazards

B）theyaredrivinginthewronglane

C）theyshouldslowdowntheirspeed

D）theyareapproachingthespeedlimit（C）

28.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer________.

A）cankeepdriversawake

B）cancutroadaccidentsinhalf

C）willhavealongereffectondrivers

D）willlookmoreattractive（C）

29.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.

A）tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas

B）changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry

C）replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons

D）repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns（A）

30.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?

A）TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.

B）Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.

C）Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.

D）Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.（B）

PassageThree

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客运量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.]Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:

1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains（EmpireBuilder,etc.）.Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

31.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A）Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.

B）TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.

C）Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.

D）Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes.（D）

32.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat________.

A）trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B）trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C）trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D）trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience（B）

33.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized________.

A）thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B）thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C）theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D）thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips（C）

34.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause________.

A）theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B）theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C）theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D）mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences（D）

35.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause________.

A）theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B）itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C）itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D）itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle（A）

PassageFour

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whydoescramgobadfasterthanbutter?

Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhy