考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea（n）___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___.

　　Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort.

　　Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13___anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.

　　TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea（n）___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

　　1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why

　　2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses

　　3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While

　　4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure

　　5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook

　　6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures

　　7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations

　　8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion

　　9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process

　　10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature

　　11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However

　　12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof

　　13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around

　　14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility

　　15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows

　　16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace

　　17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on

　　18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually

　　19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take

　　20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency"GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"upfrontworksearch"scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefitandthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

　　Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."heclaimed."We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."Help?

Really?

Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

　　Losingajobishurting:

youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

　　ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"jobseeker’sallowance"—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa"jobseeker"whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"allowance,"conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

　　21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto

　　[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

　　[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.

　　[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

　　[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.

　　22.Thephrase,"tosignon"（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans

　　[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

　　[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.

　　[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

　　[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

　　23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

　　[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

　　[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

　　[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

　　[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

　　24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel

　　[A]uneasy

　　[B]enraged.

　　[C]insulted.

　　[D]guilty.

　　25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

　　[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

　　[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

　　[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

　　[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

　　Text2

　　Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

　　Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

　　Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

　　Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedto

　　doso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

　　Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

　　Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

　　26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto

　　[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.

　　[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

　　[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

　　[D]theat