英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Word下载.docx
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smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
"
Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'
sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"
Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.
Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(细微的)changesin
mentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingPuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.
Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(认知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.
Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.
Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"
Salthousesaid,"
wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipants'
healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.
47.【题干】Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?
【选项】
variesfrompersontoperson.
graduallyexpandswithage.
weakensinone'
slateryears.
indicatesone'
shealthcondition.
答案】B
【解析】Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
48.【题干】Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?
diseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.
reachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.
arecloselyrelatedtophysical'
andmentalexercise.
ofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.
【答案】D
【解析】butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
49.【题干】WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'
smindsinmostcases?
tendtodeclineinpeople'
flexibilitydeterminesone'
sabilities.
functionquitewelleveninoldage.
functioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.
【答案】C
【解析】Mostpeople'
50.【题干】Althoughpeople'
smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they.
bebetteratsolvingpuzzlesmemorizethingswithmoreeasehavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning
putwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse
【解析】"
Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegrating
itwithone'
sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthood
iftherearenodispases,"
51.【题干】AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.
waystoslowdownourmentaldecline
waystoboostourmemories
thecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning
therelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth
【答案】A
【解析】Salthousesaid,"
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Themostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherising
discussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.
Theshorthand(简写)educatorsuseforthisis"
pre-K"
—meaning
4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'
sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.
AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'
tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'
sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.
Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.
Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthe
politicalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.
Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.
52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?
shouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.
isessentialtoaperson'
sfutureacademicsuccess.
andpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.
regarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'
sdevelopment.
【解析】第一段:
53.【题干】WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?
achievementsusuallydonotlastlong.
thirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.
thirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'
hasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.
【解析】AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.
54.【题干】Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?
itisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.
itismadepartofkids'
education.
itisnolongerconsideredaluxury.
itismadefunandenjoyabletokids.
【答案】B
【解析】Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
56.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?
knowstherealgoalofeducation.
isamayorofinsightandvision.
hasoncerunapre-Kprogram.
isafirmsupporterofpre-K.
【解析】Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.
56【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'
education?
method.
'
interest.
intervention.
involvement.
【解析】Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfound
isthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.