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精品版版新高考译林英语江苏专版一轮教师用书层级4第3讲概要写作Word版含答案
第3讲 概要写作
[概要写作微技能]
[同义替换小结]
名词的替换
1．目标：
target→goal
2．难题：
problem→issue
3．影响：
influence→impact
4．机会：
chance→opportunity
5．困难：
difficulty→obstacle
6．老人：
oldpeople→theaged，theelderly
7．名声：
fame→reputation
8．优势：
advantage→strength
9．缺陷：
disadvantage→drawback，weakness
10．发展：
development→advance，progress
11．方法：
method→approach
12．财产：
wealth→fortune，property
动词的替换
1．得到：
get→acquire，obtain
2．减少：
reduce→decrease，lessen，cut
3．改进：
improve→promote，enhance
4．帮助：
help→assist，aid
5．拥有：
have→possess，own
6．同意：
agree→approve
7．感谢：
thank→appreciate
8．表达：
express→convey
9．解决：
solve→copewith，dealwith
10．激励，激发：
encourage→motivate，fuel
11．保持：
keep→preserve，reserve，maintain
12．给予：
give→offer，provide，supply，afford
13．培养：
develop→cultivate，foster
14．宣称：
declare→claim
15．保护：
protect→conserve，preserve
16．确保：
ensure→assure，guarantee
17．展示：
show→reveal，illustrate，demonstrate，present
18．相似：
looklike→resemble
19．改变：
change→transform，alter
20．禁止：
forbid→ban，prohibit
形容词的替换
1．悲伤的：
sad→depressed，frustrated
2．富有的：
rich→wealthy，well off
3．贫穷的：
poor→needy，inpoverty
4．好的：
good→rosy，outstanding，remarkable
5．坏的：
bad→wicked，awful，dreadful
6．聪明的：
clever→smart，gifted，sharp minded
7．困难的：
difficult→tough，challenging，stressful，demanding
8．巨大的：
big→enormous，vast，massive
9．有害的：
harmful→damaging，ruinous，destructive
10．许多：
many→aseaof，abundant，numerous，considerable
11．美丽的：
beautiful→eye catching，good shaped，appealing，charming，fascinating
12．害怕的：
afraid→frightened，scared，panic stricken
13．快速的：
fast→speedy
14．乏味的：
boring→dull，tiresome
15．怀疑的：
doubtful→sceptical，suspicious
16．疲劳的：
tired→exhausted，wornout
17．新的：
new→fresh，brand new
18．最初的：
original→initial
19．常见的：
common→notuncommon
20．生气的：
angry→annoyed，irritated
21．严重的：
serious→severe
22．传统的：
traditional→conventional
23．显然的：
clear→obvious，apparent，evident
24．勇敢的：
brave→fearless，courageous，bold
25．出名的：
famous→notable，noticeable
26．合理的：
reasonable→sensible，sound
27．精确的：
exact→precise
28．充足的：
enough→abundant，ample，plentiful
29．基本的：
basic→fundamental
30．重要的：
important→significant，essential，vital，critical
副词的替换
1．经常：
often→frequently，constantly
2．不常：
seldom→rarely
3．仅仅：
only→merely
4．每天：
everyday→dayinanddayout
5．起初：
firstly→originally，initially
6．完全地：
completely→totally，absolutely
7．立刻：
immediately→shortly，rightnow，rightaway
8．大约：
about→around，roughly，approximately
9．最后：
finally→eventually，ultimately
10．肯定地：
certainly→definitely，undoubtedly，apparently
11．事实上：
infact→asamatteroffact，practically，ineffect，
12．非常：
very→extremely，intensely，overwhelmingly，unbelievably，morethan
[说明文的概要写作模板]
1．描写某事物的性质功能。
即“事物＋性质功能＋利弊”。
Inthepassagethewriterintroduces...tous,especiallyits...（性质或功能）,fromwhichweknow...（事物带来的利弊）。
2．针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
即“问题＋解决方法”。
Thepassagelists/indicates...（问题）andbringsforthseveralmeasures/solutionstosolvetheproblem，whichincludes...（方法1）,...（方法2）and...（方法3）。
3．介绍某现象及其原因、结果。
即“现象＋原因＋结果”
Theauthortalksabout...Itiscausedby...Asaresult/Consequently,...
或：
Theauthor/writerstates/presentsthephenomenonof...,because/but...（原因1/本质1）,and...（原因2/本质2）。
[说明文佳作背诵]
（2018·浙江11月）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校园）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearshitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.
Thereisnoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearly,gocheckitout.
Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.
Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecouselors（顾问）,anditwon'tcostyouapenny!
Youcanregisterforitonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.
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[参考范文]
It'sawisechoiceforyoutopayapersonalvisittothecollegeyouareapplyingto,especiallytheonesthatareclosetoyou.（要点1）Inordertoavoidbeingregretful,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegeyoudecidedtoattend.（要点2）Ifalltheaboveisnotaffordable,itwillbehelpfultosearchtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetthenecessaryinformation.（要点3）
[议论文的概要写作模板]
1．首先要找出主题句（thetopicsentences）、支撑句（supportingsentences）和结论句（conclusionsentences），其中最主要的是找准主题句。
2．概要模板：
论点＋论据（＋结论）。
有些文章没有结论句。
[议论文佳作背诵]
（2019·浙江6月卷）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.
Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.
Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?
Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:
LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”
Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase by casebasisandbeproportionate（相称的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.
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[参考范文]
It'snoeasyjobtoeducatechildren.Parentsarewrongfromstrictdisciplineinthepasttoexcessivepraisetoday.（要点1）Considerablepraisehelpstoencouragechildrentomakeprogress,butdon'tgofromoneextremetotheother.（要点2）High qualitypraiseshouldfocusonchildren'sefforts,ratherthanonresults.（要点3）Theprinciplefordealingwithpraiseistoconsiderthelinkbetweenpraiseandeffort.（要点4）
[语篇演练]
A（说明文）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In1971，China'sfirstsubwaylineinBeijingwasformallyputintooperation.ByDecember2017，therewere171subwaylinesstretchingover5,083kmin35citiesontheChinesemainland.Currently，Chinahasthelongesturbanrailwaynetworkintheworld，whichispredictedtosurpass6,000kmby2020.
TherapiddevelopmentofChina'surbanrailwaysystemreflectsthecountry'sgrowingeconomicstrength.Thesystemhasexperiencedthefastestgrowthoverthepast15yearsduetotheinvestmentofwealthaccumulatedfromthereformandopeningupinurbaninfrastructureconstruction.Anurbanrailwaysystemisexpensivetobuild，withonekilometerofsubwaycostingapproximately700millionyuan（$110million）．Acitywithouteconomicstrengthcannotdevelopsuchanexpensivesystem.
Theprogressinurbanrailwayconstructiontechnologieshasalsotothefastexpansionoftheinfrastructure.Subwayconstructioninvolvesbuildingundergroundtunnels，layingrails，manufacturingtrainsandtheoperationandmanagementofsubways.Itis
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