辽宁本溪市第一中学高考英语任务型阅读试题附答案.docx
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辽宁本溪市第一中学高考英语任务型阅读试题附答案
辽宁本溪市第一中学高考英语任务型阅读试题(附答案)
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.任务型阅读
Asthma(哮喘)isalong-lastingbreathingdiseasethataffectsmillionsofAmericans,manyofwhomarechildren.Peoplewhogetasthmawillsufferfromlackofbreath,difficultyinbreathingorcoughing--whicharecausedbythetighteningofthemusclesinairways.Untreatedasthmacanleadtopoorlungfunctionanddeath,butasthmacanalsobeeffectivelycontrolledwithpropertreatments.
Researchisdiscoveringgenesthatcontributetothedevelopmentofasthma.Thisdevelopmenthaspointedresearcherstotheroleofindoorandoutdoorpollutionasenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedoccurrenceofasthma.
TheIndoorPollution
Indoorpollutionhasincreasedwiththedevelopmentsinbuildingmaterialsandinheatingandairconditioningsystems.Inadditiontopoisonousgasesthatcomefrompaint,othermaterialslikedustandperfumesusedinhouseholdproductssuchaswashingpowderarerecycledcontinuouslythroughthehouse,winterandsummer.
Unlikethedaysbeforecentralheatingorbeforewhole-houseairconditioning,thesematerialsandchemicalscannotgetoutofmodernhomes.Most often,theycausebreathing problemsinthemembersofthefamilywiththeleast-developedautoimmune(自身免疫的)systems.Properventing(通风)anduseofenvironmentally-friendlybuildingmaterialsandcarpetingcanhelpreducethepresenceofthesechemicals.
TheOutdoorpollution
Researchershavealsoestablishedoutdoorpollution'sroleasaprobablecauseofasthma.Asthmahasbeenproventoresultfromsomefuelproducts.Smogandthesmallmatterscarriedbyithavebeenrecognizedasafactorwhichleadstoasthmasincethe19thcenturywhenLondonsawmoreandmorediseasesintheindustrialpopulation.Industrialpollutantsandotherchemicalswhichareproducedinwatertreatmentandopentreatedwaterlikethatfoundintheswimmingpoolsalsocontributetoincreasedcasesofasthmaaswellasotherillnesses.
Thosemostaffectedbytheincreaseofindustrialandenvironmentalpollutionarechildren.AlthoughmuchhasbeendonetocontrolthelevelsofpollutionintheUS,therestillremainsmuchtodoasitisaworldwidephenomenon.Untilaninternationaleffortcanbemadetolimitcarbonemissions,theoccurrenceofenvironmentalasthmawillprobablycontinuetoincrease.
The________betweenasthmaandairpollution
The________ofasthma
●lackofbreath
●difficultyinbreathing
●coughing
Thepossible________ofuntreatedasthma
●poorlungfunction
●death
________contributingtotheincreasedasthma
Indoorpollution
●Itis________bybuildingmaterialsandheatingandairconditioningsystems.
●________somepoisonousgases,dustand perfumesworsenpollution.
●Somematerialandchemicals________inmodernhomes.
Outdoorpollution
●Smogandthesmallmatterscarriedbyitcauseasthma,whichisprovenbya(n)________numberoflungdiseasesintheindustrialpopulation.
●Industrialpollutantsandotherchemicalsinwaterare________topeople'shealth.
Conclusion
Onlywhenallcountriesjointogethertolimitcarbonemissionscanpeoplebe________fromsufferingenvironmentalasthma.
【答案】relationship/relation/connection/association/link;symptoms;consequences/results/effects;Factors;caused/increased;Besides;remain/stay;increased/increasing;harmful;prevented/stopped/kept/away/free/freed
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,分析了哮喘产生的原因,从室内污染和室外污染两个方面来进行阐述。
(1)考查信息归纳的能力。
从题干结合文章内容,本文讨论了哮喘和空气污染的关系,从中文“关系,联系”出发,答案范围广。
故填relationship/relation/connection/association/link。
(2)考查信息归纳的能力。
结合第一段对哮喘发病情况的解释,可选择出总结词“症状”。
故填symptoms。
(3)考查信息归纳的能力。
由文中的“Untreatedasthmacanleadtopoorlungfunctionanddeath,”可知,这里是指“结果”。
故填consequences/results/effects。
(4)考查信息归纳的能力。
根据原文第二段“This development haspointedresearcherstotheroleofindoorandoutdoorpollution asenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetotheincreasedoccurrenceofasthma.,”结合题目后面indoorpollution和outdoorpollution得知,这里是讲导致哮喘病增加的因素。
故填Factors。
(5)考查信息归纳的能力。
原文用的是“indoorpollutionhasincreasedwith”结构,其实就是因果关系,所以这里是被动结构。
故填caused/increased。
(6)考查信息归纳的能力。
对原文in addition to进行替换,表示“除了,还包括”的意思。
故填Besides。
(7)考查信息归纳的能力。
原文“thesematerialsandchemicalscannotgetoutof modern homes”指的是这些材料并没有随时间消失,一直存在。
故填remain/stay。
(8)考查信息归纳的能力。
根据原文倒数第二段中的“sawmoreandmorediseasesintheindustrialpopulation.Industrialpollutantsandotherchemicalswhichareproducedinwatertreatmentandopentreatedwaterlikethatfoundintheswimmingpoolsalsocontributetoincreasedcasesofasthmaaswellasotherillnesses.,”可知是越来越多的疾病。
故填increased/increasing。
(9)考查信息归纳的能力。
根据“sawmoreandmorediseasesintheindustrialpopulation.Industrialpollutantsandotherchemicals whichareproducedinwatertreatmentandopentreatedwaterlikethatfoundintheswimmingpoolsalsocontributetoincreasedcasesofasthmaaswellasotherillnesses.”可知,这类污染物对人体有害,会导致疾病。
故填harmful。
(10)考查信息归纳的能力。
根据最后一段中的“Untilaninternationaleffortcanbemadetolimitcarbonemissions, theoccurrenceofenvironmentalasthmawillprobablycontinuetoincrease.,”可知是需要各个国家的通力合作才能阻止碳排放量,prevent/stop/keep/beaway/befree/free…fromdoing表示“阻止”固定搭配,表示否定含义。
原题中有canbe所以后面用过去分词表示被动,故填prevented/stopped/kept/away/free/freed。
【点评】本题涉及信息归纳能力的考查,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,根据上下文的逻辑关系,结合相关的语法知识和语法知识,从而写出正确答案。
2.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.________
Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.________Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.
Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.________
Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.________Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.
IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight's,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.
Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.________"Youkeepwhatmatters,"Tononisays.
A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.
B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.
C.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.
D.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.
E.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.
F.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.
G."Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,"saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.
【答案】D;C;G;F;B
【解析】文章大意:
这是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据上一句的Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉,它不到一个月就死了,可知,D项“同样,人若几天不睡觉就会生病。
”最切题。
故答案选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆,而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话,考试的成绩会更好。
”由此可知,C项最切题。
故答案选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
结合上文,上文提及的是一个理论,选项G中的“GiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人”正好呼应,故答案选G。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据下文可知,老鼠在睡眠结束时,突触会变小18%,表明睡眠时神经元会变弱,F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应,故答案选F。
(5)细节理解。
根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱,但有些神经元会保持不变,再结合下文说,你记住了最重要的事,由此可知,B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好。
故答案选B。
【点评】七选五题型解题技巧:
在答题中,应首先略读一下短文,了解一下短文的大致意思,然后把几个选项含义理解透,尤其注意意思相近,表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。
然后再细读短文,把答案填入合适位置。
答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置,反复阅读,反复体会,找出最佳选项,对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。
完成短文后,再认真通读一遍全文,看看上下语意是否通顺,是否符合逻辑关系。
3.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
ThePandaAntisamostunusualspecieswithalovelyappearance.________Theylooklikeantsbutactuallytheybelongtothewasp(黄蜂)family.Thedifferencesbetweenthetwosexesofthespeciesarealsoverypronouncedinbothappearanceandbehavior.Whenfullygrown,themale,possiblyattainingalengthofapproximately0.8centimeters,isseveraltimeslargerthanthefemale.________Cuteaspandaantsmaylook,theyaredangerousandcapableofknockingoutananimalmuchlargerthantheyarewithafewstings(刺).
Pandaantsprimarilydependonflowerssweetliquidastheirfood.________Thefemalepandaantoftenlaysitseggsinabeeorwaspnest.Whentheyoungones.hatch,theywilleattheirpupa(蛹)hosts.
________Soalthoughafemalepandaantlaysapproximately2,000eggsayear,aconsiderableamountofeggstosupporttheirsurvival,thisspeciesisstillontheedgeofdyingout.
ThisspecieswasfirstdiscoveredinthecoastalregionofCentralChilein1938.________
Today,theyarelikelytobefoundindrydesertandsandyareassuchasSouthwesternUnitedStatesandpartsofMexico.
A.It'sanewfashiontoraisepandaantsaspets.
B.Thenamecomesfromtheircolorsaspandas.
C.Yetyoungpandaantsaremeat-eaters.
D.Noonebelievesthepandaantistherelativeofbees.
E.Besides,themalesareactiveatnightwhilethefemalesopposite.
F.Unfortunately,manypandaantsareeatenfortheirbrightcolors.
G.Thenlittleattentionwasgiventoituntilrecently.
【答案】B;E;C;F;G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。
文章主要介绍了一种非常不寻常的物种——熊猫蚂蚁。
A.It'sanewfashiontoraisepandaantsaspets.把熊猫作为宠物饲养是一种新的时尚。
B.Thenamecomesfromtheircolorsaspandas.这个名字来自熊猫的颜色。
C.Yetyoungpandaantsaremeat-eaters.然而,年轻的熊猫蚂蚁是食肉动物。
D.Noonebelievesthepanda